Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Curr Drug Targets. 2018 Feb 8;19(3):279-298. doi: 10.2174/1389450118666170328115801.
Stem cell therapy provides great promising therapeutic benefits for various neurological disorders. Cell transplantation has emerged as cell replacement application for nerve damage. Recently, nanomaterials obtain wide development in various industrial and medical fields, and nanoparticles have been applied in the neurological field for tracking and treating nervous system diseases. Combining stem cells with nanotechnology has raised more and more attentions; and it has demonstrated that the combination has huge effects on clinical diagnosis and therapeutics in multiple central nervous system diseases, meanwhile, improves prognosis.
The aim of this review was to give a brief overview of the application of nanomaterials in stem cell therapy for neurological diseases.
Nanoparticles not only promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro or in vivo, but also play dominant roles on stem cell imaging and tracking. Furthermore, via delivering genes or drugs, nanoparticles can participate in stem cell therapeutic applications for various neurological diseases, such as ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and gliomas. However, nanoparticles have potential cytotoxic effects on nerve cells, which are related to their physicochemical properties.
Nano-stem cell-based therapy as a promising strategy has the ability to affect neuronal repair and regeneration in the central nervous system.
干细胞疗法为各种神经紊乱提供了极具前景的治疗益处。细胞移植已成为神经损伤的细胞替代应用。最近，纳米材料在各个工业和医疗领域得到了广泛的发展，纳米粒子已应用于神经科学领域，用于跟踪和治疗神经系统疾病。将干细胞与纳米技术相结合引起了越来越多的关注；并且已经证明，这种结合对多种中枢神经系统疾病的临床诊断和治疗具有巨大影响，同时改善了预后。
本综述的目的是简要概述纳米材料在神经疾病干细胞治疗中的应用。
纳米粒子不仅促进了体外或体内干细胞的增殖和分化，而且在干细胞成像和跟踪方面也发挥了主导作用。此外，通过递送基因或药物，纳米粒子可以参与各种神经疾病的干细胞治疗应用，如缺血性中风、脊髓损伤（SCI）、多发性硬化症（MS）、帕金森病（PD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和神经胶质瘤。然而，纳米粒子对神经细胞具有潜在的细胞毒性作用，这与其物理化学性质有关。
基于纳米干细胞的治疗作为一种很有前途的策略，具有影响中枢神经系统神经元修复和再生的能力。
