Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa.
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 May;98(5):1332-1338. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0888. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
In -endemic countries, controlling infection within dogs, the domestic reservoir, is critical to public health. There is a need for safe vaccines that prevent canine progression with disease and transmission to others. Protective vaccination against requires mounting a strong, inflammatory, Type 1 response. Three commercially available canine vaccines on the global veterinary market use saponin or inflammatory antigen components (Letifend) as a strong pro-inflammatory adjuvant. There is very little information detailing safety of saponin as an adjuvant in field trials. Safety analyses for the use of vaccine as an immunotherapeutic in asymptomatically infected animals are completely lacking. , the causative agent of canine leishmaniasis, is enzootic within U.S. hunting hounds. We assessed the safety of LeishTec after use in dogs from two different clinical states: 1) without clinical signs and tested negative on polymerase chain reaction and serology or 2) without clinical signs and positive for at least one diagnostic test. Vaccine safety was assessed after all three vaccinations to quantify the number and severity of adverse events. Vaccinated animals had an adverse event rate of 3.09%, whereas placebo animals had 0.68%. Receiving vaccine was correlated with the occurrence of mild, site-specific, reactions. Occurrence of severe adverse events was not associated with having received vaccine. Infected, asymptomatic animals did not have a higher rate of adverse events. Use of vaccination is, therefore, likely to be safe in infected, asymptomatic animals.
在地方性流行国家,控制犬类(国内储存宿主)中的感染对于公共卫生至关重要。我们需要安全的疫苗,以防止犬类疾病进展并传播给他人。预防感染需要引发强烈的、炎症性的 1 型反应。目前全球兽医市场上有三种市售犬用疫苗使用皂苷或炎症抗原成分(Letifend)作为强烈的促炎佐剂。关于皂苷作为佐剂在现场试验中的安全性的信息很少。对于无症状感染动物作为免疫疗法使用疫苗的安全性分析完全缺乏。恰加斯病,即犬利什曼病的病原体,在美国猎犬中流行。我们评估了 LeishTec 在两种不同临床状态的犬中的安全性:1)无症状且聚合酶链反应和血清学检测均为阴性,或 2)无症状但至少有一种 诊断检测呈阳性。在所有三次接种后评估疫苗安全性,以量化不良事件的数量和严重程度。接种疫苗的动物不良事件发生率为 3.09%,而安慰剂动物为 0.68%。疫苗接种与轻度、特定部位的反应发生相关。严重不良事件的发生与接种疫苗无关。无症状感染动物不良事件发生率没有更高。因此,在感染的无症状动物中使用疫苗可能是安全的。