Department of Neurology, Program in Trauma, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S. Greene St, G7K18, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
Neurocrit Care. 2019 Jun;30(3):522-533. doi: 10.1007/s12028-018-0629-2.
Simulation-based medical education is a technique that leverages adult learning theory to train healthcare professionals by recreating real-world scenarios in an interactive way. It allows learners to emotionally engage in the assessment and management of critically ill patients without putting patients at risk. Learners are encouraged to work at the edge of their expertise to promote growth and are provided with feedback to nurture development. Thus, the training is targeted to the learner, not the patient. Despite its origins as a teaching tool for neurological diseases, simulation-based medical education has been historically abandoned by neurocritical care educators. In contrast, other critical care educators have embraced the technique and built an impressive foundation of literature supporting its use. Slowly, neurocritical care educators have started experimenting with simulation-based medical education and sharing their results. In this review, we will investigate the historical origins of simulation in the neurosciences, the conceptual framework supporting the technique, current applications, and future directions.
基于模拟的医学教育是一种利用成人学习理论的技术，通过以互动的方式重现真实场景来培训医疗保健专业人员。它允许学习者在不使患者面临风险的情况下，情感上参与对重症患者的评估和管理。鼓励学习者在专业知识的边缘工作，以促进成长，并提供反馈以培养发展。因此，培训是针对学习者的，而不是患者。尽管它最初是作为神经病学的教学工具，但基于模拟的医学教育在历史上一直被神经危重病教育者所摒弃。相比之下，其他危重病教育者已经接受了这项技术，并建立了一个令人印象深刻的文献基础，支持其使用。慢慢地，神经危重病教育者已经开始尝试基于模拟的医学教育，并分享他们的成果。在这篇综述中，我们将研究神经科学中模拟的历史起源、支持该技术的概念框架、当前的应用和未来的方向。
