Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2019 Jun;47:32-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.006. Epub 2019 May 18.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have gained prominence as an important tool in cell therapy, especially considering their capacity to control the immune system. Due to this property, the application of MSCs has been investigated for the treatment of several immune disorders, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD). The application of MSCs to treat inflammatory diseases has led to impressive results. However, individual response to treatment is still heterogeneous, and the number of cells required to treat humans is very high. The possibility of increasing the immunosuppressive potential of MSCs is seen at this point as a promising alternative to overcome such limitations. One of the most exploited strategies for this purpose has been the licensing of MSCs prior to clinical application. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms by which MSCs modulate the immune response and the main advances in the licensing of these cells, with a special focus on the use of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Also, we will address the main challenges ahead before licensed MSCs are finally used successfully in clinical practice.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）作为细胞治疗的重要工具备受关注，尤其是其对免疫系统的调控能力。鉴于此特性，MSCs 的应用已被广泛研究，用于治疗多种免疫性疾病，如糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、克罗恩病、系统性红斑狼疮和移植物抗宿主病（GvHD）。MSCs 应用于治疗炎症性疾病已取得显著效果。然而，个体对治疗的反应仍存在异质性，且治疗人类所需的细胞数量非常高。在此情况下，提高 MSCs 的免疫抑制潜能被视为克服这些局限性的一种有前途的方法。为此，最常用的策略之一是在临床应用前对 MSCs 进行许可。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 MSCs 调节免疫反应的机制，以及对这些细胞进行许可的主要进展，特别关注干扰素 γ（IFN-γ）的应用。此外，我们还将探讨在许可的 MSCs 最终成功应用于临床实践之前，面临的主要挑战。
