Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
Curr Drug Targets. 2020;21(14):1417-1427. doi: 10.2174/1389450121666200504075519.
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown. However, there is growing evidence that the increase in the overall incidence of IBD relates to the improvement of sanitary and hygienic conditions of the society leading to lower exposure to both bacterial and parasitic infections. IBD is incurable and characterized by alternating periods of exacerbation and remission of symptoms. Therefore, the main goal of treatment strategies in IBD patients is the most effective maintenance of clinical and endoscopic remission, which does allow patients to function normally for a significant part of life. Taking into account the evidence from different areas, there is a strong rationale supporting the concept that bacteria are important in gut inflammation and that probiotic bacteria may modulate the host-microbe interaction in a way that is directly beneficial to IBD patients along with nutritional support. In this review, we focus on the potential role of gastrointestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD and the possible value of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics as well as nutritional support in the treatment of IBD.
炎症性肠病（IBD）的发病机制尚不清楚。然而，越来越多的证据表明，IBD 总发病率的增加与社会卫生条件的改善有关，导致人们接触细菌和寄生虫感染的机会减少。IBD 是无法治愈的，其特征是症状的加剧和缓解交替出现。因此，IBD 患者治疗策略的主要目标是最有效地维持临床和内镜缓解，这使得患者在生命的大部分时间里能够正常运作。考虑到来自不同领域的证据，有充分的理由支持这样一种观点，即细菌在肠道炎症中很重要，益生菌可能以一种直接有益于 IBD 患者的方式调节宿主-微生物相互作用，同时提供营养支持。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注胃肠道微生物群在 IBD 发病机制中的潜在作用，以及益生菌、益生元和合生菌以及营养支持在 IBD 治疗中的可能价值。
