Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
Cell Host Microbe. 2020 Jun 10;27(6):883-890.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.017. Epub 2020 May 4.
The outbreaks of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection have posed a severe threat to global public health. It is unclear how the human immune system responds to this infection. Here, we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to profile immune signatures in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of eight COVID-19 cases. The expression of proinflammatory genes, especially chemokines, was markedly elevated in COVID-19 cases compared to community-acquired pneumonia patients and healthy controls, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes hypercytokinemia. Compared to SARS-CoV, which is thought to induce inadequate interferon (IFN) responses, SARS-CoV-2 robustly triggered expression of numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs exhibit immunopathogenic potential, with overrepresentation of genes involved in inflammation. The transcriptome data was also used to estimate immune cell populations, revealing increases in activated dendritic cells and neutrophils. Collectively, these host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection could further our understanding of disease pathogenesis and point toward antiviral strategies.
2019 年新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的爆发是由 SARS-CoV-2 感染引起的，对全球公共卫生构成了严重威胁。目前尚不清楚人体免疫系统对此类感染的反应如何。在这里，我们使用宏转录组测序技术对 8 例 COVID-19 患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液中的免疫特征进行了分析。与社区获得性肺炎患者和健康对照组相比，COVID-19 患者的促炎基因，特别是趋化因子的表达明显升高，这表明 SARS-CoV-2 感染会导致细胞因子血症。与被认为会引起干扰素（IFN）反应不足的 SARS-CoV 不同，SARS-CoV-2 能强烈触发大量 IFN 刺激基因（ISGs）的表达。这些 ISGs 具有免疫病理发病机制的潜力，涉及炎症的基因过度表达。转录组数据还被用于估计免疫细胞群体，发现激活的树突状细胞和中性粒细胞增加。总的来说，这些宿主对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的反应可以进一步了解疾病的发病机制，并指出抗病毒策略。
