Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020 Sep;151 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):6-15. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13331.
With the increase in obesity prevalence among women of reproductive age globally, the risks of type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and other conditions are rising, with detrimental effects on maternal and newborn health. The period before pregnancy is increasingly recognized as crucial for addressing weight management and reducing malnutrition (both under- and overnutrition) in both parents to reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the mother as well as the passage of risk to her offspring. Healthcare practitioners, including obstetricians, gynecologists, midwives, and general practitioners, have an important role to play in supporting women in planning a pregnancy and achieving healthy nutrition and weight before pregnancy. In this position paper, the FIGO Pregnancy Obesity and Nutrition Initiative provides an overview of the evidence for preconception clinical guidelines to reduce the risk of NCDs in mothers and their offspring. It encourages healthcare practitioners to initiate a dialogue on women's health, nutrition, and weight management before conception. While acknowledging the fundamental importance of the wider social and environmental determinants of health, this paper focuses on a simple set of recommendations for clinical practice that can be used even in short consultations. The recommendations can be contextualized based on local cultural and dietary practices as part of a system-wide public health approach to influence the wider determinants as well as individual factors influencing preconception health.
随着全球育龄妇女肥胖患病率的增加，2 型糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、子痫前期和其他疾病的风险也在上升，对母婴健康造成不利影响。人们越来越认识到，怀孕前的时期对于解决体重管理问题和减少父母双方的营养不良（包括营养不足和营养过剩）至关重要，这有助于降低母亲患非传染性疾病（NCD）的风险，以及降低风险向其后代传递的风险。医疗保健从业者，包括产科医生、妇科医生、助产士和全科医生，在支持妇女计划怀孕以及在怀孕前实现健康营养和体重方面发挥着重要作用。在这份立场文件中，FIGO 妊娠肥胖与营养倡议概述了减少母亲及其后代患 NCD 风险的孕前临床指南的证据。它鼓励医疗保健从业者在受孕前就妇女的健康、营养和体重管理问题展开对话。虽然认识到健康的更广泛社会和环境决定因素至关重要，但本文侧重于为临床实践提供一套简单的建议，即使在简短的咨询中也可以使用这些建议。这些建议可以根据当地的文化和饮食实践进行调整，作为影响更广泛决定因素以及影响孕前健康的个体因素的系统公共卫生方法的一部分。
