MYC 作为肿瘤微环境中转移的多效调节因子

MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis.

机构信息

Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy.

Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 18;21(20):7710. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207710.

Abstract

The family of oncogenes is deregulated in many types of cancer, and their over-expression is often correlated with poor prognosis. The family members are transcription factors that can coordinate the expression of thousands of genes. Among them, (MYC) is the gene most strongly associated with cancer, and it is the focus of this review. It regulates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, self-renewal, survival, metabolism, protein synthesis, and apoptosis. More recently, novel studies have shown that MYC plays a role not only in tumor initiation and growth but also has a broader spectrum of functions in tumor progression. MYC contributes to angiogenesis, immune evasion, invasion, and migration, which all lead to distant metastasis. Moreover, MYC is able to promote tumor growth and aggressiveness by recruiting stromal and tumor-infiltrating cells. In this review, we will dissect all of these novel functions and their involvement in the crosstalk between tumor and host, which have demonstrated that MYC is undoubtedly the master regulator of the tumor microenvironment. In sum, a better understanding of MYC's role in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis development is crucial in proposing novel and effective cancer treatment strategies.

摘要

癌基因家族在多种类型的癌症中失调,其过度表达通常与预后不良相关。这些家族成员是转录因子,可以协调数千个基因的表达。其中,(MYC)与癌症的关系最为密切,也是本综述的重点。它调节参与细胞增殖、生长、分化、自我更新、存活、代谢、蛋白质合成和细胞凋亡的基因的表达。最近的新研究表明,MYC 不仅在肿瘤的发生和生长中起作用,而且在肿瘤进展中具有更广泛的功能谱。MYC 有助于血管生成、免疫逃逸、侵袭和迁移,所有这些都会导致远处转移。此外,MYC 通过招募基质和肿瘤浸润细胞来促进肿瘤的生长和侵袭性。在这篇综述中,我们将剖析所有这些新功能及其在肿瘤与宿主相互作用中的参与,这些都表明 MYC 无疑是肿瘤微环境的主调控因子。总之,更好地理解 MYC 在肿瘤微环境和转移发展中的作用对于提出新的有效的癌症治疗策略至关重要。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0a4e/7589112/7e62ef166a1e/ijms-21-07710-g001.jpg

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