The cytokine storm has been frequently reported to occur in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data from the literature suggest that elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor, indicate a severe course or the fatality of the disease. Several therapeutic options have been employed to treat critically ill patients, including hemoadsorption of inflammatory mediators. We here present a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by COVID-19 and acute renal failure. The patient was admitted to our intensive care unit and treated with mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and hemoadsorption to reduce the cytokine release syndrome, which plays a fundamental role in the clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients. We also discuss the potential advantages of reducing cytokine plasma levels using a hemoadsorption cartridge.