CAPTURE - Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Apeiron-Team NV, Berten Pilstraat, 4, 2640 Mortsel, Belgium.
Waste Manag. 2021 Jan 1;119:315-329. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.012. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
This manuscript provides an overview of the legislative requirements for the use of mechanical recycled plastics in articles placed on the EU market, as seen from the perspective of a plastics recycler. The first part reviews the main principles included in the overarching legislation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restrictions of Chemicals (REACH) and to what extent these are applicable for mechanical recyclers of plastics. The interactions between REACH and the Waste Framework Directive (WFD) is discussed, as well as the difficulties for recyclers to comply with certain REACH requirements. In a second part, the focus is moved to the use of recycled plastics as Food Contact Material (FCM). The scope of the different applicable EU FCM regulations is inventorised as well as the key legislative principles involved. A final section is dedicated to the discussion on the authorisation of recycling processes under the FCM regulation and the practical challenges involved for the effective introduction of FCMs containing recycled plastics. Altogether it could be concluded that the complexity of the different legal perspectives, a lack of communication and transparency within the plastic value chain together with technical challenges related to recycling processes have been hindering the effective uptake of recycled plastic FCM (with the exception for bottle PET). The development of targeted solutions across the entire value-chain, taking into account different perspectives in terms of legislation and health protection, economic growth and technical innovations, will be crucial in achieving a circular economy for plastics, including recycled plastics for FCM.
本文从塑料回收商的角度概述了将机械回收塑料用于投放欧盟市场制品的立法要求。第一部分回顾了《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制法规》(REACH)中的主要原则及其在多大程度上适用于塑料机械回收商。讨论了 REACH 与《废物框架指令》(WFD)之间的相互作用,以及回收商难以遵守某些 REACH 要求的情况。第二部分将重点转移到将回收塑料用作食品接触材料(FCM)上。列出了不同适用的欧盟 FCM 法规的范围以及所涉及的关键立法原则。最后一部分专门讨论了在 FCM 法规下对回收工艺进行授权的问题,以及在有效引入含有回收塑料的 FCM 时所涉及的实际挑战。总的来说,可以得出结论,不同法律观点的复杂性、塑料价值链内缺乏沟通和透明度以及与回收工艺相关的技术挑战一直阻碍着回收塑料 FCM 的有效采用(除了瓶用 PET 之外)。在整个价值链中制定有针对性的解决方案,考虑到立法和健康保护、经济增长和技术创新方面的不同观点,对于实现塑料(包括 FCM 用回收塑料)的循环经济至关重要。