Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Immunology Division, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2020 Nov;31 Suppl 26(Suppl 26):85-88. doi: 10.1111/pai.13356.
The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection is mixed. It ranges from asymptomatic cases, medium-intensity forms with mild to moderate symptoms, to severe ones with bilateral lung involvement and respiratory distress, which can require transfer to ICUs and intubation. In most cases, the clinical picture is characterized by a persistent fever, cough, dyspnoea, expectoration, myalgias, arthralgias, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms, nasal congestion, and pharyngodynia. The spread of COVID-19 in Europe has highlighted an atypical presentation of disease involving upper airways and, above all, dysfunction of olfactory and gustatory senses. There is ample evidence that COVID-19 is significantly less severe in children than in adults. However, due to difficulties in assessing the disorder in children, especially among very young patients, the olfaction and gustatory dysfunctions remain open issues. This article sheds light on the upper airway involvement in pediatric COVID-19 subjects.
SARS-CoV-2 感染的临床谱是混合的。它的范围从无症状病例、中强度的轻症至中度症状、严重的双侧肺部受累和呼吸窘迫，可能需要转至 ICU 并进行插管。在大多数情况下，临床特征是持续发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难、咳痰、肌痛、关节痛、头痛、胃肠道症状、鼻塞和咽痛。COVID-19 在欧洲的传播突出了一种以上呼吸道为特征的非典型疾病表现，尤其是嗅觉和味觉功能障碍。有充分的证据表明，COVID-19 在儿童中的严重程度明显低于成人。然而，由于儿童疾病评估存在困难，尤其是在非常年幼的患者中，嗅觉和味觉功能障碍仍然是悬而未决的问题。本文阐明了儿科 COVID-19 患者的上呼吸道受累。
