Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France.
Laboratory of RNA Regulatory Networks, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, (TN), Italy.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2021 Apr;46(4):270-283. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.11.001. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
RNA G-quadruplexes (RG4s) are four-stranded structures known to control gene expression mechanisms, from transcription to protein synthesis, and DNA-related processes. Their potential impact on RNA biology allows these structures to shape cellular processes relevant to disease development, making their targeting for therapeutic purposes an attractive option. We review here the current knowledge on RG4s, focusing on the latest breakthroughs supporting the notion of transient structures that fluctuate dynamically in cellulo, their interplay with RNA modifications, their role in cell compartmentalization, and their deregulation impacting the host immune response. We emphasize RG4-binding proteins as determinants of their transient conformation and effectors of their biological functions.
RNA 四链体 (RG4s) 是一种已知能够控制从转录到蛋白质合成以及与 DNA 相关过程等基因表达机制的四链结构。它们对 RNA 生物学的潜在影响使得这些结构能够塑造与疾病发展相关的细胞过程，因此针对这些结构进行治疗具有吸引力。我们在这里回顾了 RG4s 的最新知识，重点介绍了支持瞬态结构动态波动的最新突破、它们与 RNA 修饰的相互作用、它们在细胞区室化中的作用以及它们失调对宿主免疫反应的影响。我们强调 RG4 结合蛋白是其瞬态构象的决定因素和其生物学功能的效应子。
