Diress Gedefaw, Ahmed Mohammed, Adane Seteamlak, Linger Melese, Alemnew Birhan
Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2021 Jan 5;12:963-970. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S280590. eCollection 2020.
In developing countries, youth women are most at risk of HIV infection. Center for Disease Control recommends that people who participate in high-risk behaviors get tested for HIV at least annually. In 2016, the Ethiopian Ministry of Health set goals to identify 90% of the people living with HIV by 2030. But undiagnosed HIV infections are still high in the country. To alleviate the problem, it is vital to identify the factors that hinder HIV testing practice. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the facilitators and barriers of HIV testing practice among Ethiopian youth women.
The analysis was done on 6401 women aged 15-24 years using data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey (EDHS). The main outcome variable was self-reported HIV testing practice. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the facilitators and barriers of HIV testing practice.
In this study, 37.7% [95% CI: (33.6, 39.1)] of youth women were tested for HIV in their life. Being married (AOR=4.7; 95% CI: (3.67, 6.01)), divorced [AOR=6.2; 95% CI: (3.98-9.54)], having primary level of education [AOR=2.4;95% CI: (1.79-3.13)], and secondary level of education [AOR=4.0; 95% CI: (2.87-5.63)], being rich [AOR=2.3;95% CI: (1.39-3.91)] and being in the highest wealth index catagory [AOR=2.6;95% CI: (1.30-5.16)] increase the odds of HIV testing. However, lack of media acccess [AOR = 0.7; 95 CI %: (0.54-0.87)], lack of comprehensive HIV knowledge [AOR = 0.68; 65% CI: (0.53-0.86)] and having discriminatory attitude towards PLHIV[AOR=0.79;95% CI: (0.64-0.97)] decrease the odds of HIV testing.
The practice of HIV testing among youth populations was low as compared to national recommendations. Lack of media access, lack of comprehensive knowledge about HIV, and having discriminatory attitudes were the barriers to HIV testing practice. Marriage, secondary or higher education attainment, and high wealth index category were the facilitators for HIV testing. Improving HIV-related knowledge, improving media access, and minimizing discriminatory attitudes are strongly recommended to promote HIV testing practice.
在发展中国家，年轻女性感染艾滋病毒的风险最高。疾病控制中心建议，参与高风险行为的人至少每年进行一次艾滋病毒检测。2016年，埃塞俄比亚卫生部设定了到2030年识别90%艾滋病毒感染者的目标。但该国未被诊断出的艾滋病毒感染率仍然很高。为缓解这一问题，识别阻碍艾滋病毒检测行为的因素至关重要。因此，本研究旨在识别埃塞俄比亚年轻女性艾滋病毒检测行为的促进因素和障碍。
使用2016年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（EDHS）的数据，对6401名15至24岁的女性进行了分析。主要结果变量是自我报告的艾滋病毒检测行为。采用多变量逻辑回归来识别艾滋病毒检测行为的促进因素和障碍。
在本研究中，37.7%[95%置信区间：(33.6, 39.1)]的年轻女性一生中接受过艾滋病毒检测。已婚（调整后比值比[AOR]=4.7；95%置信区间：(3.67, 6.01)）、离婚[AOR=6.2；95%置信区间：(3.98 - 9.54)]、接受小学教育[AOR=2.4；95%置信区间：(1.79 - 3.13)]和接受中学教育[AOR=4.0；95%置信区间：(2.87 - 5.63)]、富裕[AOR=2.3；95%置信区间：(1.39 - 3.91)]以及处于最高财富指数类别[AOR=2.6；95%置信区间：(1.30 - 5.16)]会增加艾滋病毒检测的几率。然而，缺乏媒体接触机会[AOR = 0.7；95%置信区间：(0.54 - 0.87)]、缺乏全面的艾滋病毒知识[AOR = 0.68；65%置信区间：(0.53 - 0.86)]以及对艾滋病毒感染者持有歧视态度[AOR=0.79；95%置信区间：(0.64 - 0.97)]会降低艾滋病毒检测的几率。
与国家建议相比，青年人群中的艾滋病毒检测率较低。缺乏媒体接触机会、缺乏关于艾滋病毒的全面知识以及持有歧视态度是艾滋病毒检测行为的障碍。婚姻、中学及以上学历以及高财富指数类别是艾滋病毒检测的促进因素。强烈建议提高与艾滋病毒相关的知识、改善媒体接触机会并尽量减少歧视态度，以促进艾滋病毒检测行为。
