Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
J AOAC Int. 2021 Mar 5;104(1):103-112. doi: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa100.
Nowadays, emergence of unexpected contaminants in drinking water is a challenging environmental problem facing humanity.
Two eco-friendly spectrofluorimetric methods were proposed for the determination of three unexpected contaminants in drinking tap water.
The first method is first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method which was developed for simultaneous determination of atenolol (ATN) and diclofenac (DCF) without prior separation at Δλ = 70 nm and at Δλ = 80 nm for ATN and DCF, respectively. The second method was based on using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as fluorescent enhancer of triclosan (TCS) native fluorescence. TCS exhibits enhanced fluorescence at λ emission = 600 nm upon excitation at λ excitation = 299.4 nm. Solid phase extraction was carried out in both methods.
Linear calibration curves were obtained in concentration range of (4-3000 ng/mL) for ATN and (4-2000 ng/mL) for DCF, by measuring first derivative signal of fluorescence at 300 nm and 375.2 nm, respectively. TCS exhibits linear range (0.1-1 ng/mL) at 600 nm. Mean percentage recoveries were 101.04 ± 0.571, 99.66 ± 1.443, and 99.73 ± 0.566 for ATN, DCF, and TCS, respectively.
Validation of both methods were performed according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Results obtained were statistically compared with published methods and no significant differences were found. The proposed methods' greenness is evaluated using analytical Eco-scale and Green Analytical Procedure Index. A greenness comparison with previously published methods has been performed.
Both methods were found to be eco-friendly and were successfully applied for the determination of the emerging contaminants in drinking tap water.
如今，饮用水中意外污染物的出现是人类面临的一个具有挑战性的环境问题。
提出了两种环保的分光荧光法，用于测定饮用水中三种意外污染物。
第一种方法是一阶导数同步分光荧光法，用于在无需分离的情况下同时测定阿替洛尔（ATN）和双氯芬酸（DCF），分别在Δλ=70nm 和Δλ=80nm 处测定 ATN 和 DCF。第二种方法是基于十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）作为三氯生（TCS）天然荧光的荧光增强剂。TCS 在激发波长为 299.4nm 时，发射波长为 600nm 时表现出增强的荧光。两种方法均采用固相萃取。
在 300nm 和 375.2nm 处测量荧光一阶导数信号，分别得到 ATN 的线性校准曲线范围为（4-3000ng/mL），DCF 的线性校准曲线范围为（4-2000ng/mL）。TCS 在 600nm 处呈现线性范围（0.1-1ng/mL）。ATN、DCF 和 TCS 的平均回收率分别为 101.04±0.571%、99.66±1.443%和 99.73±0.566%。
根据国际协调会议指南对两种方法进行了验证。所得结果与已发表的方法进行了统计学比较，没有发现显著差异。使用分析生态标度和绿色分析程序指数评估了所提出方法的绿色度。与以前发表的方法进行了绿色度比较。
两种方法均被证明是环保的，并成功应用于测定饮用水中的新兴污染物。
