Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 23;18(6):3298. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063298.
Among transgender and gender diverse people, psychological gender affirmation is an internal sense of valuing oneself as a transgender or gender diverse person, being comfortable with one's gender identity, and feeling satisfied with one's body and gender expression. Gender affirmation can reduce gender dysphoria and mitigate deleterious health effects of marginalization. We sought to create an instrument to measure psychological gender affirmation among transgender women. Following initial item development using qualitative interviews, we used self-administered survey data from two distinct samples ( = 278; = 368) of transgender women living with HIV in the USA. We used data from Study 1 to perform exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and data from Study 2 to perform confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), yielding the five-item single-factor Psychological Gender Affirmation (PGA) scale with high reliability (α = 0.88). This scale is psychometrically sound as demonstrated by its convergent and discriminant validity via correlations with select measures and by its predictive validity through associations in hypothesized directions with measures of mental health and substance use. The PGA scale will aid research on psychological gender affirmation that can in turn inform interventions as well as gender-affirming clinical and social practices to promote the health and well-being of transgender and gender diverse people.
在跨性别和性别多样化的人群中，心理性别认同是一种内在的自我认同，即认同自己是跨性别或性别多样化的人，对自己的性别认同感到舒适，对自己的身体和性别表达感到满意。性别认同可以减少性别焦虑，减轻边缘化对健康的有害影响。我们试图创建一个衡量跨性别女性心理性别认同的工具。在使用定性访谈进行初步项目开发后，我们使用了来自美国两个不同的 HIV 阳性跨性别女性样本（n=278；n=368）的自我管理调查数据。我们使用研究 1 的数据进行探索性因素分析（EFA），使用研究 2 的数据进行验证性因素分析（CFA），得出了具有高信度（α=0.88）的五分量表单一因素心理性别认同（PGA）量表。该量表具有良好的心理测量学特性，通过与特定测量指标的相关性以及与心理健康和物质使用测量指标的假设方向的相关性，证明了其收敛效度和区分效度。PGA 量表将有助于研究心理性别认同，从而为干预措施以及性别认同的临床和社会实践提供信息，以促进跨性别和性别多样化人群的健康和幸福。
