野生动物宿主在北美的蜱虫和蜱传疾病增多中的作用。
The Contribution of Wildlife Hosts to the Rise of Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in North America.
机构信息
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, and Schubot Center for Avian Health, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
出版信息
J Med Entomol. 2021 Jul 16;58(4):1565-1587. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab047.
Wildlife vertebrate hosts are integral to enzootic cycles of tick-borne pathogens, and in some cases have played key roles in the recent rise of ticks and tick-borne diseases in North America. In this forum article, we highlight roles that wildlife hosts play in the maintenance and transmission of zoonotic, companion animal, livestock, and wildlife tick-borne pathogens. We begin by illustrating how wildlife contribute directly and indirectly to the increase and geographic expansion of ticks and their associated pathogens. Wildlife provide blood meals for tick growth and reproduction; serve as pathogen reservoirs; and can disperse ticks and pathogens-either through natural movement (e.g., avian migration) or through human-facilitated movement (e.g., wildlife translocations and trade). We then discuss opportunities to manage tick-borne disease through actions directed at wildlife hosts. To conclude, we highlight key gaps in our understanding of the ecology of tick-host interactions, emphasizing that wildlife host communities are themselves a very dynamic component of tick-pathogen-host systems and therefore complicate management of tick-borne diseases, and should be taken into account when considering host-targeted approaches. Effective management of wildlife to reduce tick-borne disease risk further requires consideration of the 'human dimensions' of wildlife management. This includes understanding the public's diverse views and values about wildlife and wildlife impacts-including the perceived role of wildlife in fostering tick-borne diseases. Public health agencies should capitalize on the expertise of wildlife agencies when developing strategies to reduce tick-borne disease risks.
野生动物脊椎动物宿主是蜱传病原体地方性流行循环的重要组成部分,在某些情况下,它们在北美的蜱和蜱传疾病的近期兴起中发挥了关键作用。在本论坛文章中,我们强调了野生动物在维持和传播人畜共患、伴侣动物、牲畜和野生动物蜱传病原体方面的作用。我们首先说明野生动物如何直接和间接地促进蜱及其相关病原体的增加和地理扩张。野生动物为蜱的生长和繁殖提供血液餐;作为病原体的储存库;并可以通过自然运动(例如鸟类迁徙)或通过人为促进的运动(例如野生动物转移和贸易)来传播蜱和病原体。然后,我们讨论了通过针对野生动物宿主的行动来管理蜱传疾病的机会。最后,我们强调了我们对蜱-宿主相互作用生态学理解中的关键差距,强调野生动物宿主群落本身是蜱-病原体-宿主系统的一个非常动态的组成部分,因此使蜱传疾病的管理复杂化,在考虑针对宿主的方法时应考虑到这一点。为了进一步降低野生动物传播疾病的风险,需要有效管理野生动物,这包括了解公众对野生动物及其影响的不同看法和价值观,包括公众认为野生动物在促进蜱传疾病方面的作用。公共卫生机构在制定减少蜱传疾病风险的策略时,应利用野生动物机构的专业知识。