EMC (Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs) Laboratory, University of Lyon 2, Lyon, France.
EMC (Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs) Laboratory, University of Lyon 2, Lyon, France; Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), UMR CNRS 7295, Poitiers, France.
Sleep Med. 2021 Jul;83:241-247. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.010. Epub 2021 Mar 13.
The aim of this study was twofold. First, to confirm the deleterious aspect of evening screen exposure in school-aged children, in particular the effect of screens in the bedroom. Second, to explore the three-way association between degree of screen exposure, sleep disturbance, and ADHD symptoms. Solid evidence exists on the link between sleep disturbance and ADHD symptoms, and screen exposure and sleep disturbance. However, no studies have formally assessed the impact of screen exposure on ADHD symptoms in children, as a function of sleep disturbance.
Parents of 374 French children (201 girls, 173 boys, mean age of 10.8 ± 2.8 years old) completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale, and a questionnaire about their children's screen habits (total hours in the morning, afternoon, and evening per day). Correlational analyses between evening screen exposure, sleep quality and behavioral problems were conducted. Then, formal mediation analyses were run in order to quantify the relationship between variables.
School-aged children with screens in their bedrooms demonstrated more sleep and behavioral problems. Evening TV exposure was associated with higher SDSC and ADHD scores. Furthermore, the Structural Equation Modelling approach confirmed that evening screen exposure is directly associated with more disrupted sleep, which in turn is directly associated with behavioral problems.
These findings encourage families to avoid putting screens in their children's bedrooms, and limit evening screen exposure. They furthermore demonstrate the importance of taking into account screen exposure time (morning, afternoon, evening) and location (bedroom or elsewhere) in future studies.
本研究旨在双重目的。首先，确认学龄儿童夜间屏幕暴露的有害方面，尤其是卧室中屏幕的影响。其次，探索屏幕暴露、睡眠障碍和 ADHD 症状之间的三向关联。睡眠障碍和 ADHD 症状之间以及屏幕暴露与睡眠障碍之间存在确凿的证据。然而，尚无研究正式评估作为睡眠障碍函数的屏幕暴露对儿童 ADHD 症状的影响。
374 名法国儿童（201 名女孩，173 名男孩，平均年龄为 10.8±2.8 岁）的父母完成了儿童睡眠障碍量表（SDSC）、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）评定量表和有关其子女屏幕习惯的问卷（每天早上、下午和晚上的总时间）。进行了夜间屏幕暴露、睡眠质量和行为问题之间的相关性分析。然后，进行了正式的中介分析，以量化变量之间的关系。
有卧室屏幕的学龄儿童表现出更多的睡眠和行为问题。晚上看电视与 SDSC 和 ADHD 评分更高有关。此外，结构方程模型方法证实，夜间屏幕暴露与睡眠中断直接相关，而睡眠中断又与行为问题直接相关。
这些发现鼓励家庭避免在孩子的卧室中放置屏幕，并限制晚上的屏幕暴露。它们进一步表明，在未来的研究中，考虑屏幕暴露时间（早上、下午、晚上）和位置（卧室或其他地方）非常重要。
