WWOX在高级别膀胱癌中丧失调控致癌性AP-2γ的能力,并与肿瘤抑制因子AP-2α协同作用。
WWOX Loses the Ability to Regulate Oncogenic AP-2γ and Synergizes with Tumor Suppressor AP-2α in High-Grade Bladder Cancer.
作者信息
Kołat Damian, Kałuzińska Żaneta, Bednarek Andrzej K, Płuciennik Elżbieta
机构信息
Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
出版信息
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Jun 12;13(12):2957. doi: 10.3390/cancers13122957.
The cytogenic locus of the gene overlaps with the second most active fragile site, FRA16D, which is present at a higher frequency in bladder cancer (BLCA) patients with smoking habit, a known risk factor of this tumor. Recently, we demonstrated the relevance of the role of WWOX in grade 2 BLCA in collaboration with two AP-2 transcription factors whose molecular actions supported or opposed pro-cancerous events, suggesting a distinct character. As further research is needed on higher grades, the aim of the present study was to examine WWOX-AP-2 functionality in grade 3 and 4 BLCA using equivalent in vitro methodology with additional transcriptome profiling of cellular variants. WWOX and AP-2α demonstrated similar anti-cancer functionality in most biological processes with subtle differences in MMP-2/9 regulation; this contradicted that of AP-2γ, whose actions potentiated cancer progression. Simultaneous overexpression of WWOX and AP-2α/AP-2γ revealed that single discrepancies appear in WWOX-AP-2α collaboration but only at the highest BLCA grade; WWOX-AP-2α collaboration was considered anti-cancer. However, WWOX only appeared to have residual activity against oncogenic AP-2γ in grade 3 and 4: variants with either AP-2γ overexpression alone or combined WWOX and AP-2γ overexpression demonstrated similar pro-tumoral behavior. Transcriptome profiling with further gene ontology certified biological processes investigated in vitro and indicated groups of genes consisting of AP-2 targets and molecules worth investigation as biomarkers. In conclusion, tumor suppressor synergism between WWOX and AP-2α is unimpaired in high-grade BLCA compared to intermediate grade, yet the ability of WWOX to guide oncogenic AP-2γ is almost completely lost.
该基因的细胞遗传学位点与第二活跃的脆性位点FRA16D重叠,FRA16D在有吸烟习惯的膀胱癌(BLCA)患者中出现频率更高,吸烟是该肿瘤的已知危险因素。最近,我们与两个AP-2转录因子合作,证明了WWOX在2级BLCA中的作用相关性,其分子作用支持或反对致癌事件,显示出独特的特征。由于需要对更高分级进行进一步研究,本研究的目的是使用等效的体外方法并对细胞变体进行额外的转录组分析,来研究WWOX-AP-2在3级和4级BLCA中的功能。WWOX和AP-2α在大多数生物学过程中表现出相似的抗癌功能,在MMP-2/9调节方面存在细微差异;这与AP-2γ相反,AP-2γ的作用促进癌症进展。WWOX和AP-2α/AP-2γ的同时过表达表明,WWOX-AP-2α合作中仅在最高级BLCA出现单一差异;WWOX-AP-2α合作被认为具有抗癌作用。然而,WWOX在3级和4级中似乎仅对致癌性AP-2γ具有残余活性:单独过表达AP-2γ或同时过表达WWOX和AP-2γ的变体表现出相似的促肿瘤行为。通过进一步的基因本体认证生物学过程进行的转录组分析在体外进行了研究,并指出了由AP-2靶标和值得作为生物标志物研究的分子组成的基因组。总之,与中级BLCA相比,高级BLCA中WWOX和AP-2α之间的肿瘤抑制协同作用未受损,但WWOX引导致癌性AP-2γ的能力几乎完全丧失。