B-vitamins are a class of water-soluble micronutrients that are required for cell metabolism. These include thiamin (vitamin B), riboflavin (vitamin B), niacin (vitamin B), pantothenic acid (vitamin B), pyridoxine (vitamin B), biotin (vitamin B), folate (vitamin B), and vitamin B. B-vitamins serve as cofactors in the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars, as well as the synthesis and methylation of DNA (McCormick et al., ; Powers, ; Kamanna and Kashyap, ; Stover, ; Allen, ; Combs, Jr., 2012). In particular, folate, vitamin B, and vitamin B are required in one-carbon metabolism, including purine biosynthesis and production of -adenosyl methionine, the universal methyl donor required in over 100 methylation processes (Stover, ; Finkelstein et al., 2015). Requirements for B-vitamins are increased during periods of rapid growth and development, including during pregnancy and early childhood (Stover, ; Finkelstein et al., 2015).
B族维生素是一类细胞代谢所需的水溶性微量营养素。这些包括硫胺素(维生素B1)、核黄素(维生素B2)、烟酸(维生素B3)、泛酸(维生素B5)、吡哆醇(维生素B6)、生物素(维生素B7)、叶酸(维生素B9)和维生素B12。B族维生素在氨基酸、脂肪酸和糖的代谢以及DNA的合成和甲基化过程中作为辅助因子(麦科密克等人;鲍尔斯;卡曼纳和卡什亚普;斯托弗;艾伦;小库姆斯,2012年)。特别是,叶酸、维生素B6和维生素B12在一碳代谢中是必需的,包括嘌呤生物合成和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的产生,S-腺苷甲硫氨酸是100多个甲基化过程中所需的通用甲基供体(斯托弗;芬克尔斯坦等人,2015年)。在快速生长和发育期间,包括怀孕期间和儿童早期,对B族维生素的需求会增加(斯托弗;芬克尔斯坦等人,2015年)。