Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development - ENEA, Division of Health Protection Technologies, CR ENEA Casaccia- via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Santa Maria di Galeria, RM, Italy.
Syst Rev. 2022 Feb 16;11(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s13643-022-01898-4.
BACKGROUND: An Italian project aims to review the scientific literature on the possible carcinogenicity of radiofrequency (100 kHz-300 GHz) electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure. The ENEA team has to carry out a systematic review of the in vivo studies on this topic. OBJECTIVES: Development of a protocol for a systematic review (meta-analysis included) to investigate the potential carcinogenic risk following RF-EMF in vivo exposure to doses above or within legal limits. The aims of this review are (1) to provide a descriptive and, if possible, a quantitative summary of the results of the examined RF-EMF in vivo studies, together with an assessment of the consistency of observations and of the causes of heterogeneity, and (2) to assess the weight of evidence to support or refute the hypothesis of carcinogenic effects caused by RF-EMF exposure and to draw conclusions about the potential for carcinogenicity of RF-EMF exposure. METHODS: We will search for relevant studies in electronic academic databases and in the reference list of selected papers and reviews on the topic, including the descriptive reviews on RF-EMF carcinogenic effect carried out by international panels of experts since 2011. The following elements of the PECO question were defined: experimental studies on rodents of both sexes, all ages and species, all genetic backgrounds (Population) exposed to RF-EMF alone, or in combination with other physical or chemical agents (Exposure); only studies reporting outcome data in exposed and sham control groups (Comparison); and all types of cancer with all tumor-related outcome measures (Outcome) will be included. Only peer-reviewed articles written in English will be considered without limit in the publication date. Eligibility criteria were defined for papers to be included. A risk of bias assessment will be performed using a tool specifically developed for animal studies. A meta-analysis will be performed, if feasible, for all outcome measures; for subgroup analysis, a minimum of 3 studies per subgroup will be required. If meta-analysis will not be possible, a narrative synthesis of the results will be reported. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020191105 HIGHLIGHTS: An Italian collaborative research agreement aims to review the scientific literature on the possible carcinogenicity of RF-EMF (100 kHz - 300 GHz). The ENEA team will systematically review and, if possible, meta-analyse estimates the effects of in vivo exposure to RF-EMF exposure on cancer. The ENEA group is a multidisciplinary team of researchers with a consolidated experience both in carcinogenicity experiments and radiofrequency dosimetric assessment. The proposed protocol uses the NTP OHAT Approach for Systematic Review as an organizing framework. The proposed protocol aims to lead to the first systematic review providing a strength of evidence assessment on this topic.
背景：一个意大利项目旨在审查关于射频（100kHz-300GHz）电磁场（RF-EMF）暴露可能致癌性的科学文献。ENEA 团队必须对该主题的体内研究进行系统评价。
目的：制定一项系统评价的方案（包括荟萃分析），以调查在高于或低于法定限制的剂量下，体内暴露于 RF-EMF 后潜在的致癌风险。本次审查的目的是：（1）提供对已检查的 RF-EMF 体内研究结果的描述性和（如果可能的话）定量总结，并评估观察结果的一致性和异质性的原因；（2）评估支持或反驳 RF-EMF 暴露致癌效应假说的证据权重，并就 RF-EMF 暴露的致癌潜力得出结论。
方法：我们将在电子学术数据库和选定论文和综述的参考文献中搜索相关研究，包括自 2011 年以来国际专家组就 RF-EMF 致癌效应进行的描述性综述。已定义了以下 PECO 问题的要素：对所有年龄和物种的雄性和雌性啮齿动物进行的实验研究（人群）单独或与其他物理或化学剂联合暴露于 RF-EMF（暴露）；仅报告暴露组和假手术对照组中结果数据的研究（比较）；以及所有类型的癌症和所有与肿瘤相关的结果测量（结局）都将被包括在内。仅考虑同行评审的英文文章，出版日期不受限制。已定义了纳入论文的标准。将使用专门为动物研究开发的工具进行偏倚风险评估。如果可行，将对所有结局指标进行荟萃分析；对于亚组分析，每个亚组至少需要 3 项研究。如果无法进行荟萃分析，将报告结果的叙述性综合。
系统评价注册：PROSPERO CRD42020191105 重点：意大利合作研究协议旨在审查关于射频电磁辐射（100kHz-300GHz）致癌可能性的科学文献。ENEA 团队将系统地审查并尽可能地对体内暴露于射频电磁辐射对癌症的影响进行荟萃分析。ENEA 小组是一个多学科的研究人员团队，在致癌性实验和射频剂量评估方面具有丰富的经验。所提出的方案使用 NTP OHAT 方法作为系统评价的组织框架。该方案旨在对这一主题进行首次系统评价，并提供证据强度评估。
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