Committee for Promotion of Remote Surgery Implementation, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0608638, Japan.
Surg Today. 2022 Nov;52(11):1653-1659. doi: 10.1007/s00595-022-02497-5. Epub 2022 May 12.
We investigated the communication bandwidth (CB) limitation for remote robotics surgery (RRS) using hinotori™ (Medicaroid, Kobe, Japan).
The operating rooms of the Hokkaido University Hospital and Kyushu University Hospital were connected using the Science Information NETwork (SINET). The minimum required CB for the RRS was verified by decreasing the CB from 500 to 100 Mbps. Ten surgeons were tested on a task (intracorporeal suturing) at different levels of video compression (VC) (VC1: 120 Mbps, VC2: 40 Mbps, VC3: 20 Mbps) with the minimum required CB, and assessed based on the task completion time, Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS), and System and Piper Fatigue Scale-12 (PFS-12).
Packet loss was observed at 3-7% and image degradation was observed at 145 Mbps CB. The task performance with VC1 was significantly worse than that with VC2 and VC3 according to the task completion time (VC1 vs VC2, P = 0.032; VC1 vs. VC3, P = 0.032), GEARS (VC1 vs VC2; P = 0.029, VC1 vs VC3; P = 0.031), and PFS-12 (VC1 vs. VC2; P = 0.032, VC1 vs. VC3; P = 0.032) with 145 Mbps.
Our findings provide evidence that RRS using hinotori™ requires a CB ≥ 150 Mbps. We also found that when there is insufficient CB, RRS can be continued by compressing the image.
我们使用 hinotori™（日本兵库 Medicaroid 公司）研究了远程机器人手术（RRS）的通信带宽（CB）限制。
使用科学信息网络（SINET）连接北海道大学医院和九州大学医院的手术室。通过将 CB 从 500Mbps 降低到 100Mbps，验证 RRS 的最低 CB 要求。在最低 CB 要求下，10 名外科医生在不同的视频压缩（VC）级别（VC1：120Mbps，VC2：40Mbps，VC3：20Mbps）下进行了一项任务（体腔内缝合）测试，并根据任务完成时间、机器人技能综合评估量表（GEARS）和 Piper 疲劳量表 12 项（PFS-12）进行评估。
在 3-7%的情况下观察到数据包丢失，在 145Mbps CB 下观察到图像降级。根据任务完成时间（VC1 与 VC2，P=0.032；VC1 与 VC3，P=0.032）、GEARS（VC1 与 VC2，P=0.029；VC1 与 VC3，P=0.031）和 PFS-12（VC1 与 VC2，P=0.032；VC1 与 VC3，P=0.032），VC1 的手术性能明显差于 VC2 和 VC3。
我们的研究结果表明，使用 hinotori™ 的 RRS 需要 CB≥150Mbps。我们还发现，当 CB 不足时，可以通过压缩图像来继续进行 RRS。
