肺栓塞经皮治疗的进展
Advances in Percutaneous Management of Pulmonary Embolism.
作者信息
Kerrigan Jimmy, Morse Michael, Haddad Elias, Willers Elisabeth, Ramaiah Chand
机构信息
Department of Cardiology, Saint Thomas Health, Nashville, Tennessee.
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saint Thomas Health, Nashville, Tennessee.
出版信息
Int J Angiol. 2022 Sep 2;31(3):203-212. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1756174. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Systemic anticoagulation remains the recommended treatment for low-risk PE. Systemic thrombolysis is the recommended treatment for PE with hemodynamic compromise (massive/high-risk PE). A significant number of patients are not candidates for systemic thrombolysis due to the bleeding risk associated with thrombolytics. Historically, surgical pulmonary embolectomy (SPE) was recommended for massive PE with hemodynamic compromise for these patients. In the last decade, catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) has largely replaced SPE in the patient population with intermediate risk PE (submassive), defined as right heart strain (as evidenced by right ventricle enlargement on echocardiogram and/or computed tomography, usually along with elevation of troponin or B-type natriuretic peptide). Use of CDT increased in the last few years due to high incidence of PE in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia, and the use of mechanical thrombectomy (initially reserved for those with contraindications to thrombolysis) has also grown. In this article, we discuss the value of the PE response team, our approach to management of submassive (intermediate risk) and massive (high risk) PE with systemic thrombolytics, CDT, mechanical thrombectomy, and surgical embolectomy.
急性肺栓塞(PE)是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。全身抗凝仍然是低风险PE的推荐治疗方法。全身溶栓是有血流动力学障碍的PE(大面积/高风险PE)的推荐治疗方法。由于溶栓药物存在出血风险,相当多的患者不适合进行全身溶栓。从历史上看,对于这些有血流动力学障碍的大面积PE患者,推荐进行外科肺动脉血栓切除术(SPE)。在过去十年中,导管定向溶栓(CDT)在中度风险PE(次大面积)患者中已基本取代了SPE,中度风险PE定义为右心劳损(如超声心动图和/或计算机断层扫描显示右心室扩大所证明,通常伴有肌钙蛋白或B型利钠肽升高)。由于2019冠状病毒病肺炎住院患者中PE的高发病率,近年来CDT的使用有所增加,机械血栓切除术(最初仅用于有溶栓禁忌证的患者)的使用也有所增加。在本文中,我们讨论了PE反应团队的价值,以及我们使用全身溶栓、CDT、机械血栓切除术和外科血栓切除术治疗次大面积(中度风险)和大面积(高风险)PE的方法。