结合三维定量构效关系、分子对接和动力学模拟研究来建模和设计TTK抑制剂。
Combined 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and dynamics simulations studies to model and design TTK inhibitors.
作者信息
Ashraf Noureen, Asari Asnuzilawati, Yousaf Numan, Ahmad Matloob, Ahmed Mahmood, Faisal Amir, Saleem Muhammad, Muddassar Muhammad
机构信息
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
出版信息
Front Chem. 2022 Nov 2;10:1003816. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1003816. eCollection 2022.
Tyrosine threonine kinase (TTK) is the key component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that ensures correct attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle and thereby their precise segregation into daughter cells by phosphorylating specific substrate proteins. The overexpression of TTK has been associated with various human malignancies, including breast, colorectal and thyroid carcinomas. TTK has been validated as a target for drug development, and several TTK inhibitors have been discovered. In this study, ligand and structure-based alignment as well as various partial charge models were used to perform 3D-QSAR modelling on 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-c] pyridine core containing reported inhibitors of TTK protein using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) approaches to design better active compounds. Different statistical methods i.e., correlation coefficient of non-cross validation (r), correlation coefficient of leave-one-out cross-validation (q), Fisher's test (F) and bootstrapping were used to validate the developed models. Out of several charge models and alignment-based approaches, Merck Molecular Force Field (MMFF94) charges using structure-based alignment yielded highly predictive CoMFA (q = 0.583, Predr = 0.751) and CoMSIA (q = 0.690, Predr = 0.767) models. The models exhibited that electrostatic, steric, HBA, HBD, and hydrophobic fields play a key role in structure activity relationship of these compounds. Using the contour maps information of the best predictive model, new compounds were designed and docked at the TTK active site to predict their plausible binding modes. The structural stability of the TTK complexes with new compounds was confirmed using MD simulations. The simulation studies revealed that all compounds formed stable complexes. Similarly, MM/PBSA method based free energy calculations showed that these compounds bind with reasonably good affinity to the TTK protein. Overall molecular modelling results suggest that newly designed compounds can act as lead compounds for the optimization of TTK inhibitors.
酪氨酸苏氨酸激酶(TTK)是纺锤体组装检查点(SAC)的关键组成部分,它通过磷酸化特定的底物蛋白来确保染色体与有丝分裂纺锤体的正确附着,从而将它们精确地分离到子细胞中。TTK的过表达与多种人类恶性肿瘤有关,包括乳腺癌、结直肠癌和甲状腺癌。TTK已被确认为药物开发的靶点,并且已经发现了几种TTK抑制剂。在本研究中,使用基于配体和结构的比对以及各种部分电荷模型,采用比较分子场分析(CoMFA)和比较分子相似性指数分析(CoMSIA)方法,对含1H-吡咯并[3,2-c]吡啶核心的已报道的TTK蛋白抑制剂进行3D-QSAR建模,以设计出活性更好的化合物。使用不同的统计方法,即非交叉验证的相关系数(r)、留一法交叉验证的相关系数(q)、费舍尔检验(F)和自展法来验证所开发的模型。在几种电荷模型和基于比对的方法中,使用基于结构比对的默克分子力场(MMFF94)电荷产生了具有高度预测性的CoMFA(q = 0.583,Predr = 0.751)和CoMSIA(q = 0.690,Predr = 0.767)模型。这些模型表明,静电场、立体场、氢键受体场、氢键供体场和疏水场在这些化合物的构效关系中起关键作用。利用最佳预测模型的等高线图信息,设计了新的化合物并将其对接至TTK活性位点,以预测它们可能的结合模式。使用分子动力学模拟确认了TTK与新化合物复合物的结构稳定性。模拟研究表明,所有化合物均形成了稳定的复合物。同样,基于MM/PBSA方法的自由能计算表明,这些化合物与TTK蛋白具有相当好的结合亲和力。总体分子建模结果表明,新设计的化合物可作为优化TTK抑制剂的先导化合物。