Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain.
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Tenerife, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Apr 15;869:161652. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161652. Epub 2023 Jan 21.
The La Palma 2021 volcanic eruption was the first subaerial eruption in a 50-year period in the Canary Islands (Spain), emitting 1.8 Tg of sulphur dioxide (SO) into the troposphere over nearly 3 months (19 September-13 December 2021), exceeding the total anthropogenic SO emitted from the 27 European Union countries in 2019. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the 2021 volcanic eruption on air quality (SO, PM and PM concentrations) utilising a multidisciplinary approach, combining ground and satellite-based measurements with height-resolved aerosol and meteorological information. High concentrations of SO, PM and PM were observed in La Palma (hourly mean SO up to ~2600 μg m and also sporadically at ~140 km distance on the island of Tenerife (> 7700 μg m) in the free troposphere. PM and PM daily mean concentrations in La Palma peaked at ~380 and 60 μg m. Volcanic aerosols and desert dust both impacted the lower troposphere in a similar height range ( 0-6 km) during the eruption, providing a unique opportunity to study the combined effect of both natural phenomena. The impact of the 2021 volcanic eruption on SO and PM concentrations was strongly influenced by the magnitude of the volcanic emissions, the injection height, the vertical stratification of the atmosphere and its seasonal dynamics. Mean daily SO concentrations increased during the eruption, from 38 μg m (Phase I) to 92 μg m (Phase II), showing an opposite temporal trend to mean daily SO emissions, which decreased from 34 kt (Phase I) to 7 kt (Phase II). The results of this study are relevant for emergency preparedness in all international areas at risk of volcanic eruptions; a multidisciplinary approach is key to understand the processes by which volcanic eruptions affect air quality and to mitigate and minimise impacts on the population.
拉帕尔马 2021 年火山喷发是加那利群岛（西班牙）50 年来的首次陆上喷发，在近 3 个月（2021 年 9 月 19 日至 12 月 13 日）内将约 1.8 太克二氧化硫（SO）排放到对流层中，超过了 2019 年 27 个欧盟国家人为排放的 SO 总量。我们采用多学科方法，结合地面和卫星测量以及高度分辨的气溶胶和气象信息，对 2021 年火山喷发对空气质量（SO、PM 和 PM 浓度）的影响进行了全面评估。在拉帕尔马（对流层自由大气中，SO 的小时平均值高达约 2600μg m，在特内里费岛（距离拉帕尔马岛约 140 公里）也偶尔高达 7700μg m）、PM 和 PM 浓度高。拉帕尔马的 PM 和 PM 日均值浓度分别在 380 和 60μg m 时达到峰值。火山气溶胶和沙漠尘埃在喷发期间以相似的高度范围（0-6km）同时影响着下对流层，为研究这两种自然现象的综合影响提供了独特的机会。2021 年火山喷发对 SO 和 PM 浓度的影响强烈受到火山喷发规模、注入高度、大气垂直分层和季节性动态的影响。喷发期间，SO 的日均值浓度从 38μg m（第 I 阶段）增加到 92μg m（第 II 阶段），与 SO 日均值排放的时间趋势相反，SO 排放量从 34kt（第 I 阶段）减少到 7kt（第 II 阶段）。本研究的结果对所有有火山喷发风险的国际地区的应急准备都具有重要意义；多学科方法是理解火山喷发如何影响空气质量以及减轻和最小化对人口影响的关键。
