College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
Environ Res. 2023 Jun 15;227:115802. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115802. Epub 2023 Mar 30.
The extensive use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture has resulted in the accumulation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environments, which threaten human health and contaminate environment. Nematicide avermectin is widely applied to control root-knot nematodes. The effect of five-years application of avermectin on rhizosphere microbiome and resistome of sick tobacco plants in farmland were investigated in present study. The environmental risks of avermectin was assessed adequately. Metagenomic method was used to analyze antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in the avermectin-treated soil. The abundance and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their antibiotic resistance genes were affected by avermectin application. The antibiotic resistant Proteobacteria occupied the highest percentage (36%) in rhizosphere soil and carried 530 ARGs. Opportunistic human pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes were enriched in the avermectin-treated soil. Avermectin application increased the counts of many types of antibiotic resistance genes. The relative abundances of genes adeF, BahA, fusH, ileS, and tlrB in the avermectin-treated soil were significantly greater than in the untreated control soil. Different resistance mechanisms were revealed in the avermectin-treated soil. The efflux of antibiotic (670 ARGs), inactivation of antibiotic (475 ARGs), and alteration of antibiotic target (267 ARGs) were the main resistance mechanisms. Rigid control the avermectin dose and use frequency and other pesticides can decrease soil antibiotic resistance genes and protect agricultural products' safety and public health. Overall, application of nematicide avermectin enriched antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in farmland soil, which should be on the alert for environment protection.
阿维菌素在医学和农业中的广泛应用导致了抗生素抗性微生物和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在环境中的积累，这对人类健康构成了威胁并污染了环境。杀线虫剂阿维菌素被广泛用于防治根结线虫。本研究调查了五年阿维菌素应用对农田病烟草根际微生物组和抗药性的影响。充分评估了阿维菌素的环境风险。采用宏基因组方法分析了阿维菌素处理土壤中的抗生素抗性细菌和抗生素抗性基因。阿维菌素的应用影响了抗生素抗性细菌及其抗生素抗性基因的丰度和分布。抗生素抗性变形菌在根际土壤中占比最高（36%），携带 530 个抗生素抗性基因。携带抗生素抗性基因的机会性病原体在阿维菌素处理的土壤中富集。阿维菌素的应用增加了多种类型的抗生素抗性基因的数量。阿维菌素处理土壤中 adeF、BahA、fusH、ileS 和 tlrB 基因的相对丰度明显大于未处理对照土壤。在阿维菌素处理土壤中揭示了不同的抗性机制。抗生素的外排（670 个 ARGs）、抗生素的失活（475 个 ARGs）和抗生素靶位的改变（267 个 ARGs）是主要的抗性机制。严格控制阿维菌素剂量和使用频率以及其他农药的使用可以减少土壤中的抗生素抗性基因，保护农产品安全和公共健康。总体而言，杀线虫剂阿维菌素在农田土壤中富集了抗生素抗性细菌和抗生素抗性基因，这应引起环境保护的警惕。
