Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Biomedical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology of Mycoses, Biomedical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 Apr 3;17(4):e0010865. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010865. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Trichophyton, Microsporum, Nannizzia and Epidermophyton genera cause dermatophytosis, the most common and highly contagious infectious skin disease. Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere, located in the most visited state of Brazil. This retrospective study investigated epidemiological and laboratorial aspects of dermatophytosis in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, by using spatiotemporal analysis. More than half of all individuals were infected by one or more dermatophytes. A variation between 18 and 106 years-old of the studied population was verified, and women more frequently affected. Patients were more frequently infected by Trichophyton spp., most of them T. rubrum, followed by T. mentagrophytes. M. canis and N. gypsea were more frequently isolated in the age group between 40 and 60 years old, while T. rubrum predominates among younger patients. All species presented homogeneous distribution while T. tonsurans appears to be restricted to the Rio de Janeiro capital and E. floccosum to the municipality of Macaé (190 Km apart from RJ). Rio de Janeiro state presented spatial clusters of dermatophytosis with high density in Guanabara Bay (E. floccosum, M. canis, N. gypsea, T. tonsurans) and Niterói (T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes) but low density in Macaé (E. floccosum). Significant spatiotemporal clusters on dermatophytosis cases were detected in distinct municipalities (p-value ≤ 0.05). The Vulnerability Index (r = 0.293) and Demographic Density (r = 0.652) distributed according to neighborhoods in Niterói were direct related with dermatophytosis cases whereas Income (r = -0.306) was inversely correlated (p-value ≤ 0.05). The dermatophytosis spatiotemporal distinct distribution after two major international events in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlight the pressing need for specific measures of its prevention and controlling. This is particularly relevant in touristic tropical localities which must consider both socio-economical and traveler's medicine variables.
发癣菌属、小孢子菌属、枝孢霉属和表皮癣菌属引起皮肤癣菌病，这是最常见和高度传染性的皮肤传染病。里约热内卢是南半球最受欢迎的城市之一，位于巴西最受欢迎的州。本回顾性研究通过时空分析调查了巴西里约热内卢州的皮肤癣菌病的流行病学和实验室方面。超过一半的个体感染了一种或多种皮肤癣菌。研究人群的年龄在 18 至 106 岁之间，女性感染更为常见。患者更常感染须癣毛癣菌属，其中大多数为红色毛癣菌，其次是絮状表皮癣菌。犬小孢子菌和海生枝孢霉在 40 至 60 岁年龄组中更为常见，而红色毛癣菌在年轻患者中更为常见。所有物种的分布均匀，而须癣毛癣菌似乎仅限于里约热内卢首府，而絮状表皮癣菌仅限于马卡埃市（相距 190 公里）。里约热内卢州的皮肤癣菌病存在空间聚集，瓜纳巴拉湾（絮状表皮癣菌、犬小孢子菌、海生枝孢霉、须癣毛癣菌）和尼泰罗伊（红色毛癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌）的密度较高，而马卡埃（絮状表皮癣菌）的密度较低。在不同的城市（p 值≤0.05）发现了皮肤癣菌病病例的显著时空聚类。脆弱性指数（r=0.293）和人口密度（r=0.652）根据尼泰罗伊的社区分布与皮肤癣菌病病例直接相关，而收入（r=-0.306）则呈负相关（p 值≤0.05）。巴西里约热内卢的两次重大国际活动后，皮肤癣菌病的时空分布明显不同，突显了迫切需要采取具体措施预防和控制皮肤癣菌病。在旅游热带地区，这一点尤其重要，这些地区必须考虑到社会经济和旅行者医学变量。
