Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 31;24(11):9558. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119558.
GM1 is one of the major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on the cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS). Its expression level, distribution pattern, and lipid composition are dependent upon cell and tissue type, developmental stage, and disease state, which suggests a potentially broad spectrum of functions of GM1 in various neurological and neuropathological processes. The major focus of this review is the roles that GM1 plays in the development and activities of brains, such as cell differentiation, neuritogenesis, neuroregeneration, signal transducing, memory, and cognition, as well as the molecular basis and mechanisms for these functions. Overall, GM1 is protective for the CNS. Additionally, this review has also examined the relationships between GM1 and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, GM1 gangliosidosis, Huntington's disease, epilepsy and seizure, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, alcohol dependence, etc., and the functional roles and therapeutic applications of GM1 in these disorders. Finally, current obstacles that hinder more in-depth investigations and understanding of GM1 and the future directions in this field are discussed.
GM1 是中枢神经系统（CNS）细胞表面的主要糖脂（GSL）之一。其表达水平、分布模式和脂质组成依赖于细胞和组织类型、发育阶段和疾病状态，这表明 GM1 在各种神经和神经病理过程中具有广泛的潜在功能。本篇综述的主要重点是 GM1 在大脑发育和活动中的作用，例如细胞分化、神经突生成、神经再生、信号转导、记忆和认知，以及这些功能的分子基础和机制。总的来说，GM1 对中枢神经系统具有保护作用。此外，本文还研究了 GM1 与神经紊乱之间的关系，例如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、GM1 神经节苷脂病、亨廷顿病、癫痫和发作、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、抑郁症、酒精依赖症等，以及 GM1 在这些疾病中的功能作用和治疗应用。最后，讨论了目前阻碍更深入研究和理解 GM1 的障碍以及该领域的未来发展方向。
