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最小生理基于药代动力学模型在评估分数分布、口服吸收和肝脏清除的串联房室模型中的应用。

Utility of Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Assessing Fractional Distribution, Oral Absorption, and Series-Compartment Models of Hepatic Clearance.

机构信息

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York

出版信息

Drug Metab Dispos. 2023 Oct;51(10):1403-1418. doi: 10.1124/dmd.123.001403. Epub 2023 Jul 17.

Abstract

Minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) models are physiologically relevant, require less information than full PBPK models, and offer flexibility in pharmacokinetics (PK). The well-stirred hepatic model (WSM) is commonly used in PBPK, whereas the more plausible dispersion model (DM) poses computational complexities. The series-compartment model (SCM) mimics the DM but is easier to operate. This work implements the SCM and mPBPK models for assessing fractional tissue distribution, oral absorption, and hepatic clearance using literature-reported blood and liver concentration-time data in rats for compounds mainly cleared by the liver. Further handled were various complexities, including nonlinear hepatic binding and metabolism, differing absorption kinetics, and sites of administration. The SCM containing one to five () liver subcompartments yields similar fittings and provides comparable estimates for hepatic extraction ratio (), prehepatic availability ( ), and first-order absorption rate constants ( ). However, they produce decreased intrinsic clearances ( ) and liver-to-plasma partition coefficients ( ) with increasing as expected. Model simulations demonstrated changes in intravenous and oral PK profiles with alterations in and and with hepatic metabolic zonation. The permeability (PAMPA ) of the various compounds well explained the fitted fractional distribution ( ) parameters. The SCM and mPBPK models offer advantages in distinguishing systemic, extrahepatic, and hepatic clearances. The SCM allows for incorporation of liver zonation and is useful in assessing changes in internal concentration gradients potentially masked by similar blood PK profiles. Improved assessment of intraorgan drug concentrations may offer insights into active moieties driving metabolism, biliary excretion, pharmacodynamics, and hepatic toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic model and the series-compartment model are useful in assessing oral absorption and hepatic clearance. They add flexibility in accounting for various drug- or system-specific complexities, including fractional distribution, nonlinear binding and saturable hepatic metabolism, and hepatic zonation. These models can offer improved insights into the intraorgan concentrations that reflect physiologically active moieties often driving disposition, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity.

摘要

最小生理药代动力学(mPBPK)模型具有生理相关性,所需信息少于全 PBPK 模型,并且在药代动力学(PK)方面具有灵活性。搅拌池肝脏模型(WSM)常用于 PBPK,而更合理的弥散模型(DM)则存在计算复杂性。串联池模型(SCM)模拟 DM,但操作更简单。本工作使用文献报道的大鼠血药浓度-时间数据,为主要经肝脏清除的化合物,实施 SCM 和 mPBPK 模型,以评估组织分布分数、口服吸收和肝脏清除率。进一步处理包括非线性肝结合和代谢、不同吸收动力学以及给药部位等各种复杂性。包含一个到五个()肝脏亚池的 SCM 产生相似的拟合,并为肝提取率()、肝前可用性()和一级吸收速率常数()提供可比估计。然而,随着的增加,它们会产生降低的内在清除率()和肝-血浆分配系数(),这是预期的。模型模拟表明,随着和的改变以及肝代谢分区的改变,静脉内和口服 PK 曲线会发生变化。各种化合物的透过性(PAMPA)很好地解释了拟合的分数分布()参数。SCM 和 mPBPK 模型在区分全身、肝外和肝清除方面具有优势。SCM 允许纳入肝分区,并可用于评估内部浓度梯度的变化,这些变化可能被相似的血液 PK 曲线所掩盖。对器官内药物浓度的评估改进可能提供有关驱动代谢、胆汁排泄、药效学和肝毒性的活性部分的深入了解。

意义陈述

最小生理药代动力学模型和串联池模型有助于评估口服吸收和肝脏清除率。它们在考虑各种药物或系统特定的复杂性方面具有灵活性,包括分数分布、非线性结合和饱和肝代谢以及肝分区。这些模型可以提供对反映生理活性部分的器官内浓度的更好了解,这些活性部分通常驱动处置、药效学和毒性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0abc/10506700/0bd7d31934c0/dmd.123.001403absf1.jpg

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