infection is still a threat to many healthcare settings worldwide. epidemiology has changed over the last 20 years, largely due to the emergence of hypervirulent and antimicrobial-resistant strains. The excessive use of antimicrobials, the absence of optimal antibiotic policies, and suboptimal infection control practices have fueled the development of this pressing health issue. The prudent use of antimicrobials, particularly broad-spectrum agents, and simple infection control measures, such as hand hygiene, can significantly reduce infection rates. Moreover, the early detection of these infections and understanding their epidemiological behavior using accurate laboratory methods are the cornerstone to decreasing the incidence of infection and preventing further spread. Although there is no consensus on the single best laboratory method for the diagnosis of infection, the use of 2 or more techniques can improve diagnostic accuracy, and it is recommended.