Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
PLoS One. 2023 Nov 20;18(11):e0290600. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290600. eCollection 2023.
In 2020, 149 million children under the age of five were estimated to be stunted globally. Around half of deaths among children under 5 years of age are related to under-nutrition. Objective of this study is to determine the association between safely managed sanitation and childhood stunting among under-five years old children in Myanmar. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 16 townships across three regions and five states in Myanmar. Multiple logistic regressions analysis was performed to determine the associations. This study found that 327 (27.09%) under-five children were stunted among a total of 1207 children in Myanmar. Children with unsafely managed sanitation were 2.88 times more likely to be stunting compared with children who access to safely managed sanitation services (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 2.16 to 3.85; p-value <0.01). Other associated factors for childhood stunting were needs 1-15 minutes for water collection (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.46 to 2.94; p-value <0.01), 15-60 minutes for water collection times (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.23; p-value 0.02), improper waste water disposal (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.70; p-value <0.01), boys children (AOR = 4.49, 95% CI: 3.30 to 6.12; p-value <0.01), did not take vitamin A supplements(AOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.20; p-value <0.01), mothers height shorter than 153.4cm (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.58; p-value <0.01), and the lower minimal diet diversity (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.01; p-value 0.02). More access to safely managed sanitation facilities, technical sharing for proper waste water disposal, promoting household water supply system, health promotion for children's diet eating pattern, and regular support for Vitamin A supplementation are critical to reduce childhood stunting among children under the age of five in Myanmar.
2020 年，全球估计有 1.49 亿五岁以下儿童发育迟缓。五岁以下儿童死亡人数中有约一半与营养不足有关。本研究旨在确定在缅甸五岁以下儿童中，安全管理环境卫生与儿童发育迟缓之间的关联。本横断面分析性研究在缅甸三个区域的 16 个镇区进行。采用多因素逻辑回归分析确定关联。本研究发现，在总共 1207 名儿童中，有 327 名（27.09%）五岁以下儿童发育迟缓。与获得安全环境卫生服务的儿童相比，卫生设施管理不安全的儿童发育迟缓的可能性高 2.88 倍（AOR=2.88，95%CI：2.16 至 3.85；p 值<0.01）。儿童发育迟缓的其他相关因素包括：需要 1-15 分钟取水（AOR=2.07，95%CI：1.46 至 2.94；p 值<0.01）、取水时间 15-60 分钟（AOR=1.55，95%CI：1.08 至 2.23；p 值=0.02）、污水处置不当（AOR=1.99，95%CI：1.47 至 2.70；p 值<0.01）、男童（AOR=4.49，95%CI：3.30 至 6.12；p 值<0.01）、未服用维生素 A 补充剂（AOR=1.64，95%CI：1.22 至 2.20；p 值<0.01）、母亲身高<153.4cm（AOR=1.94，95%CI：1.45 至 2.58；p 值<0.01）以及最低饮食多样性较低（AOR=1.47，95%CI：1.08 至 2.01；p 值=0.02）。更多地获得安全环境卫生设施、技术共享以妥善处置污水、推广家庭供水系统、促进儿童饮食模式健康、定期支持维生素 A 补充，这些措施对减少缅甸五岁以下儿童发育迟缓至关重要。
