通过对利多卡因-NSAID 治疗性深共晶体系的研究,加深对深共晶现象的理解。

Towards a greater understanding of the deep eutectic phenomenon through examination of the lidocaine-NSAID therapeutic deep eutectic systems.

机构信息

Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.

Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

出版信息

Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2024 Jul;200:114329. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114329. Epub 2024 May 17.

Abstract

Therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES) have been attracting increasing attention in the pharmaceutical literature as a promising enabling technology capable of improving physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties for difficult-to-deliver drug compounds. The current literature has explored amide local anaesthetics and carboxylic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) as commonly used THEDES formers for their active hydrogen-bonding functionality. However, little is known about what happens within the "deep eutectic" region where a range of binary compositions present simply as a liquid with no melting events detectable across experimentally achievable conditions. There is also very limited understanding of how parent compounds' physicochemical properties could impact upon the formation, interaction mechanism, and stability of the formed liquid systems, despite the significance of these information in dose adjustment, industrial handling, and scaling-up of these liquids. In the current work, we probed the "deep eutectic" phenomenon by investigating the formation and physicochemical behaviours of some chosen lidocaine-NSAID systems across a wide range of composition ratios. Our data revealed that successfully formed THEDES exhibited composition dependent T variations with strong positive deviations from predicted T values using the Gordon-Taylor theory, suggesting substantial interactions within the formed supramolecular structure. Interestingly, it was found that the parent compound's glass forming ability had a noticeable impact upon such profound interaction and hence could dictate the success of THEDES formation. It has also been confirmed that all successful systems were formed based on charge-assisted hydrogen bonding within their THEDES network, affirming the significant role of partial protonisation on achieving a profound melting point depression. More importantly, the work found that within the "deep eutectic" region there was still an ideal, or thermodynamically preferrable "THEDES point", which would exhibit excellent stability upon exposure to stress storage conditions. The discoveries of this study bring the literature one step closer to fully understanding the "therapeutic deep eutectic" phenomenon. Through correlation between parent reagents' physicochemical properties and the synthesised products' characteristics, we establish a more educated process for the prediction and engineering of THEDES.

摘要

治疗性深共熔溶剂(THEDES)作为一种有前途的使能技术,在药学文献中越来越受到关注,能够改善难输送药物化合物的物理化学和生物制药性质。目前的文献已经探索了酰胺局部麻醉剂和羧酸非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)作为常用的 THEDES 前体,因为它们具有活跃的氢键功能。然而,对于在“深共熔”区域内发生的情况,人们知之甚少,在该区域内,一系列二元成分只是呈现为液体,在实验可达到的条件下,没有可检测到的熔融事件。对于母体化合物的物理化学性质如何影响形成、相互作用机制和形成的液体系统的稳定性,人们也知之甚少,尽管这些信息在剂量调整、工业处理和这些液体的放大方面具有重要意义。在当前的工作中,我们通过研究一些选定的利多卡因-NSAID 系统在广泛的组成比范围内的形成和物理化学行为来探测“深共熔”现象。我们的数据显示,成功形成的 THEDES 表现出与预测值有很强正偏差的组成依赖性 T 变化,表明在形成的超分子结构中存在大量相互作用。有趣的是,发现母体化合物的玻璃形成能力对这种深刻的相互作用有明显的影响,因此可以决定 THEDES 形成的成功。还证实,所有成功的系统都是基于其 THEDES 网络中的电荷辅助氢键形成的,这肯定了部分质子化在实现深刻的熔点降低方面的重要作用。更重要的是,这项工作发现,在“深共熔”区域内仍然存在一个理想的或热力学上优选的“THEDES 点”,在暴露于压力储存条件下会表现出极好的稳定性。这项研究的发现使文献更接近全面理解“治疗性深共熔”现象。通过母体试剂物理化学性质与合成产物特性之间的相关性,我们建立了一个更具教育意义的过程,用于 THEDES 的预测和工程设计。

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