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阻断 Smad3 可通过促进 GM-CSF 产生增强 NK 细胞对肺癌的免疫刺激功能。

Disrupting Smad3 potentiates immunostimulatory function of NK cells against lung carcinoma by promoting GM-CSF production.

机构信息

Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Research Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Departments of Pathology and Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.

Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.

出版信息

Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 Jun 15;81(1):262. doi: 10.1007/s00018-024-05290-4.

Abstract

Through Smad3-dependent signalings, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) suppresses the development, maturation, cytokine productions and cytolytic functions of NK cells in cancer. Silencing Smad3 remarkably restores the cytotoxicity of NK-92 against cancer in TGF-β-rich microenvironment, but its effects on the immunoregulatory functions of NK cells remain obscure. In this study, we identified Smad3 functioned as a transcriptional repressor for CSF2 (GM-CSF) in NK cells. Therefore, disrupting Smad3 largely mitigated TGF-β-mediated suppression on GM-CSF production by NK cells. Furthermore, silencing GM-CSF in Smad3 knockout NK cells substantially impaired their anti-lung carcinoma effects. In-depth study demonstrated that NK-derived GM-CSF strengthened T cell immune responses by stimulating dendritic cell differentiation and M1 macrophage polarization. Meanwhile, NK-derived GM-CSF promoted the survival of neutrophils, which in turn facilitated the terminal maturation of NK cells, and subsequently boosted NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity against lung carcinoma. Thus, Smad3-silenced NK-92 (NK-92-S3KD) may serve as a promising immunoadjuvant therapy with clinical translational value given its robust cytotoxicity against malignant cells and immunostimulatory functions to reinforce the therapeutic effects of other immunotherapies.

摘要

通过 Smad3 依赖性信号通路,转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)抑制了 NK 细胞在癌症中的发育、成熟、细胞因子产生和细胞溶解功能。沉默 Smad3 可显著恢复 NK-92 在 TGF-β丰富的微环境中对癌症的细胞毒性,但它对 NK 细胞免疫调节功能的影响仍不清楚。在这项研究中,我们发现 Smad3 在 NK 细胞中作为 CSF2(GM-CSF)的转录抑制因子发挥作用。因此,破坏 Smad3 可大大减轻 TGF-β对 NK 细胞 GM-CSF 产生的抑制作用。此外,在 Smad3 敲除的 NK 细胞中沉默 GM-CSF 会显著削弱其对肺癌的抗肿瘤作用。深入研究表明,NK 细胞衍生的 GM-CSF 通过刺激树突状细胞分化和 M1 巨噬细胞极化来增强 T 细胞免疫反应。同时,NK 细胞衍生的 GM-CSF 促进了中性粒细胞的存活,进而促进了 NK 细胞的终末成熟,随后增强了 NK 细胞对肺癌的细胞毒性。因此,鉴于其对恶性细胞的强大细胞毒性和免疫刺激功能,可增强其他免疫疗法的治疗效果,沉默 Smad3 的 NK-92(NK-92-S3KD)可能成为一种很有前途的具有临床转化价值的免疫佐剂治疗方法。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/168d/11335298/de002c5948a7/18_2024_5290_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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