Román Ramos Andrea Elizabeth, Aucique-Perez Carlos Eduardo, Debona Daniel, Dallagnol Leandro José
Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Laboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural Sciences Natural Resources and the Environment Faculty, Bolivar State University, Guaranda EC020150, Ecuador.
Plants (Basel). 2024 May 21;13(11):1426. doi: 10.3390/plants13111426.
Nitrogen (N) and silicon (Si) are mineral elements that have shown a reduction in the damage caused by tan spot ( ()) in wheat. However, the effects of these elements were studied separately, and the N and Si interaction effect on wheat resistance to tan spot remains elusive. Histocytological and biochemical defense responses against in wheat leaves treated with Si (+Si) at low (LN) and high N (HN) inputs were investigated. Soil amendment with Si reduced the tan spot severity in 18% due to the increase in the leaf Si concentration (around 30%), but it was affected by the N level used. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in +Si plants and inoculated with , leading to early and higher HO and callose accumulation in wheat leaf. Interestedly, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity was induced by the Si supplying, being negatively affected by the HN rate. Meanwhile, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activities showed differential response patterns according to the Si and N rates used. Tan spot severity was reduced by both elements, but their interaction does not evidence synergic effects in this disease's control. Wheat plants from -Si and HN and +Si and LN treatments recorded lower tan spot severity.
氮（N）和硅（Si）是矿物质元素，已显示出可减轻小麦条斑病（()）造成的损害。然而，这些元素的作用是分别研究的，氮和硅对小麦抗条斑病的交互作用仍不清楚。研究了在低氮（LN）和高氮（HN）投入条件下，用硅（+Si）处理的小麦叶片对条斑病的组织细胞学和生化防御反应。由于叶片硅浓度增加（约30%），土壤施硅使条斑病严重程度降低了18%，但这受到所用氮水平的影响。在+Si植株中且接种条斑病菌后，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性较高，导致小麦叶片中过氧化氢（HO）和胼胝质早期积累且积累量更高。有趣的是，硅供应诱导了苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性，而高氮水平对其有负面影响。同时，过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POX）活性根据所用的硅和氮水平呈现出不同的反应模式。两种元素都降低了条斑病严重程度，但它们的交互作用在该病防治中未显示出协同效应。来自-Si和HN以及+Si和LN处理的小麦植株条斑病严重程度较低。
