Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Drug Metab Dispos. 2024 Aug 14;52(9):932-938. doi: 10.1124/dmd.124.001735.
Recently, we have proposed simple methodology to derive clearance and rate constant equations, independent of differential equations, based on Kirchhoff's Laws, a common methodology from physics used to describe rate-defining processes either in series or parallel. Our approach has been challenged in three recent publications, two published in this journal, but notably what is lacking is that none evaluate experimental pharmacokinetic data. As reviewed here, manuscripts from our laboratory have evaluated published experimental data, demonstrating that the Kirchhoff's Laws approach explains (1) why all of the experimental perfused liver clearance data appear to fit the equation that was previously believed to be the well-stirred model, (2) why linear pharmacokinetic systemic bioavailability determinations can be greater than 1, (3) why renal clearance can be a function of drug input processes, and (4) why statistically different bioavailability measures may be found for urinary excretion versus systemic concentration measurements. Our most recent paper demonstrates (5) how the universally accepted steady-state clearance approach used by the field for the past 50 years leads to unrealistic outcomes concerning the relationship between liver-to-blood and hepatic availability , highlighting the potential for errors in pharmacokinetic evaluations based on differential equations. The Kirchhoff's Laws approach is applicable to all pharmacokinetic analyses of quality experimental data, those that were previously adequately explained with present pharmacokinetic theory, and those that were not The publications that have attempted to rebut our position do not address unexplained experimental data, and we show here why their analyses are not valid. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The Kirchhoff's Laws approach to deriving clearance equations for linear systems in parallel or in series, independent of differential equations, successfully describes published pharmacokinetic data that has previously been unexplained. Three recent publications claim to refute our proposed methodology; these publications only make theoretical arguments, do not evaluate experimental data, and never demonstrate that the Kirchhoff methodology provides incorrect interpretations of experimental pharmacokinetic data, including statistically significant data not explained by present pharmacokinetic theory. We demonstrate why these analyses are invalid.
最近,我们提出了一种简单的方法,根据基尔霍夫定律(物理中用于描述串联或并联的速率限定过程的常用方法)推导出与微分方程无关的清除率和速率常数方程。我们的方法在最近的三篇出版物中受到了挑战,其中两篇发表在本期刊上,但值得注意的是,这些出版物都没有评估实验药代动力学数据。正如这里所回顾的,我们实验室的论文评估了已发表的实验数据,证明基尔霍夫定律方法解释了:(1)为什么所有实验灌流肝脏清除数据似乎都符合之前被认为是完全混合模型的方程;(2)为什么线性药代动力学系统生物利用度测定可以大于 1;(3)为什么肾清除率可以是药物输入过程的函数;(4)为什么统计上不同的生物利用度测量值可能在尿排泄与系统浓度测量之间发现;(5)为什么过去 50 年来该领域普遍接受的稳态清除方法会导致肝血和肝可用性之间的关系产生不切实际的结果,突出了基于微分方程的药代动力学评估中可能存在的错误。基尔霍夫定律方法适用于所有对质量实验数据进行药代动力学分析,包括那些用现有药代动力学理论已经充分解释的,以及那些尚未解释的。试图反驳我们立场的出版物没有解决未解释的实验数据,我们在这里展示了为什么他们的分析是无效的。重要性声明:基尔霍夫定律方法用于推导出线性系统的清除率方程,与微分方程无关,成功描述了以前无法解释的已发表的药代动力学数据。最近的三篇出版物声称反驳了我们提出的方法;这些出版物仅进行理论论证,不评估实验数据,也从未证明基尔霍夫方法对实验药代动力学数据提供了不正确的解释,包括用现有药代动力学理论无法解释的具有统计学意义的数据。我们展示了为什么这些分析是无效的。