National Leading Research Laboratory of Drug Resistance Proteomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea.
Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024 Oct 28;34(10):2041-2048. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2407.07026. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistance (MDR) pathogenic due to horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) is a global health concern, particularly in developing countries. While numerous studies have focused on major sequence types (STs), the implication of minor STs in ARG dissemination and their pathogenicity remains crucial. In this study, two strains (PEC1011 and PEC1012) were isolated from wild bird feces in Pakistan and identified as ST2178 based on their complete genome sequences. To understand this minor ST, 204 genome assemblies of ST2178 were comparatively analyzed with the isolates' genomes. The phylogenetic analyses revealed five subclades of ST2178. Subclade E strains were predominantly isolated from human specimens, whereas subclades A and B strains including strains PEC1011 and PEC1012, respectively, were frequently isolated from animal. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) exhibited the positive correlation with ARGs but not with VFs in this ST. Plasmid-borne ARGs exhibited higher correlation with plasmid-borne MGEs, indicating the role of diverse mobile plasmid structures in ARG transmission. Subclade E exhibited diverse plasmid-borne ARG repertoires correlated with MGEs, marking it as a critical surveillance target. In the case of VFs, they exhibited phylogeny-dependent profiles. Strain PEC1012 harbored various plasmid-borne ARGs, which are similar with conserved ARG repertoires in subclade A. The presence of unique ARG insertion in pPEC1012 highlights the importance of subclade A in ARG dissemination. This study comprehensively elucidates the landscape of ST2178, identifying critical phylogenetic subclades and their characteristics in ARG and VF occurrence.
由于抗生素耐药基因 (ARGs) 和毒力因子 (VFs) 的水平基因转移，多药耐药 (MDR) 病原菌的出现和传播是一个全球性的健康问题，特别是在发展中国家。尽管许多研究集中在主要序列型 (STs) 上，但次要 ST 在 ARG 传播及其致病性方面的意义仍然至关重要。在这项研究中，从巴基斯坦野生鸟类粪便中分离出两株 （PEC1011 和 PEC1012），根据其全基因组序列确定为 ST2178。为了了解这个次要 ST，对 204 个 ST2178 基因组组装进行了比较分析，与分离株的基因组进行比较。系统发育分析显示 ST2178 有五个亚群。亚群 E 菌株主要从人类标本中分离出来，而亚群 A 和 B 菌株分别包括 PEC1011 和 PEC1012 菌株，它们主要从动物中分离出来。移动遗传元件 (MGEs) 与该 ST 中的 ARGs 呈正相关，但与 VFs 无关。质粒携带的 ARGs 与质粒携带的 MGEs 呈更高的相关性，表明不同的移动质粒结构在 ARG 传播中的作用。亚群 E 表现出与 MGEs 相关的多样化的质粒携带的 ARG 库，这使其成为一个关键的监测目标。在 VFs 方面，它们表现出与系统发育相关的特征。菌株 PEC1012 携带各种质粒携带的 ARGs，与亚群 A 中的保守 ARG 库相似。pPEC1012 中独特的 ARG 插入的存在突出了亚群 A 在 ARG 传播中的重要性。本研究全面阐明了 ST2178 的情况，确定了关键的系统发育亚群及其在 ARG 和 VF 发生中的特征。
