序列很重要:感染后进行初级 COVID-19 疫苗接种会引起相似的刺突抗体水平,但比突破性感染产生更强的抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒性。
Sequence Matters: Primary COVID-19 Vaccination after Infection Elicits Similar Anti-spike Antibody Levels, but Stronger Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity than Breakthrough Infection.
机构信息
Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
Newfoundland and Labrador Health Services, St. John's, NL, Canada.
出版信息
J Immunol. 2024 Oct 15;213(8):1105-1114. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400250.
Infection before primary vaccination (herein termed "hybrid immunity") engenders robust humoral immunity and broad Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) across SARS-CoV-2 variants. We measured and compared plasma IgG and IgA against Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron (B.1.1.529) full-length spike (FLS) and receptor binding domain after three mRNA vaccines encoding Wuhan-Hu-1 spike (S) and after Omicron breakthrough infection. We also measured IgG binding to Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron S1, Wuhan-Hu-1 S2 and Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron cell-based S. We compared ADCC using human embryonic lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells expressing Wuhan-Hu-1 or Omicron S. The effect of Omicron breakthrough infection on IgG anti-Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron FLS avidity was also considered. Despite Omicron breakthrough infection increasing IgG and IgA against FLS and receptor binding domain to levels similar to those seen with hybrid immunity, there was no boost to ADCC. Preferential recognition of Wuhan-Hu-1 persisted following Omicron breakthrough infection, which increased IgG avidity against Wuhan-Hu-1 FLS. Despite similar total anti-FLS IgG levels following breakthrough infection, 4-fold higher plasma concentrations were required to elicit ADCC comparable to that elicited by hybrid immunity. The greater capacity for hybrid immunity to elicit ADCC was associated with a differential IgG reactivity pattern against S1, S2, and linear determinants throughout FLS. Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 following Omicron breakthrough infection manifests significantly less ADCC capacity than hybrid immunity. Thus, the sequence of antigenic exposure by infection versus vaccination and other factors such as severity of infection affect antiviral functions of humoral immunity in the absence of overt quantitative differences in the humoral response.
在初次接种疫苗之前的感染(以下称为“混合免疫”)会在整个 SARS-CoV-2 变体中产生强大的体液免疫和广泛的 Ab 依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性(ADCC)。我们测量并比较了接种三种编码武汉-Hu-1 刺突(S)的 mRNA 疫苗和奥密克戎突破感染后,血浆 IgG 和 IgA 对武汉-Hu-1 和奥密克戎(B.1.1.529)全长刺突(FLS)和受体结合域的反应。我们还测量了 IgG 与武汉-Hu-1 和奥密克戎 S1、武汉-Hu-1 S2 和武汉-Hu-1 和奥密克戎细胞 S 的结合。我们使用表达武汉-Hu-1 或奥密克戎 S 的人胚肺成纤维细胞(MRC-5)细胞比较了 ADCC。我们还考虑了奥密克戎突破感染对 IgG 抗武汉-Hu-1 和奥密克戎 FLS 亲和力的影响。尽管奥密克戎突破感染使 IgG 和 IgA 对 FLS 和受体结合域的反应增加到与混合免疫相似的水平,但对 ADCC 没有促进作用。在奥密克戎突破感染后,对武汉-Hu-1 的优先识别仍然存在,这增加了 IgG 对武汉-Hu-1 FLS 的亲和力。尽管突破感染后总抗 FLS IgG 水平相似,但需要 4 倍更高的血浆浓度才能产生与混合免疫相当的 ADCC。混合免疫更能引发 ADCC,这与 FLS 中 S1、S2 和线性决定簇的 IgG 反应模式不同有关。奥密克戎突破感染后的 SARS-CoV-2 免疫表现出的 ADCC 能力明显低于混合免疫。因此,感染与疫苗接种的抗原暴露顺序以及感染严重程度等其他因素会影响体液免疫的抗病毒功能,而不会对体液免疫反应产生明显的定量差异。