赤桉(窄叶桉树)内生真菌的季节性和空间动态。
Seasonal and Spatial Dynamics of Fungal Leaf Endophytes in Eucalyptus crebra (Narrow-Leaved Ironbark).
机构信息
School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia.
出版信息
Microb Ecol. 2024 Nov 19;87(1):142. doi: 10.1007/s00248-024-02455-3.
Fungal endophytes play an important role in improving the health and productivity of native and cultivated plant species. Despite their ecological and industrial importance, few eucalypt species have been studied in terms of their endophyte communities. We examined the seasonal and spatial dynamics of fungal leaf endophytes in the model species, Eucalyptus crebra (narrow-leaved ironbark), using ITS-based amplicon sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed significantly higher species richness in summer compared to autumn and spring. Similarly, two-way ANOVA analysis showed significantly higher species diversity in summer compared to autumn (observed p < 0.001, Chao1 p < 0.005) and spring (observed p < 0.005, Chao1 p < 0.005). No difference in Shannon index was observed among different canopy levels across the season. Beta-diversity showed differences in fungal composition across the seasons and at various canopy levels based on unweighted UniFrac distance metric (PERMANOVA season p < 0.001, canopy p < 0.05), signifying distinct separation of fungi based on presence-absence. Ascomycota was the most abundant and diverse phylum and was present throughout the year. In contrast, Basidiomycota was only observed during cooler and drier seasons. Neofusicoccum was the most abundant genus, but distribution fluctuated significantly across the seasons. Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis were most abundant in the low leaf canopy, whereas Pseudosydowia was most abundant in the high canopy. This study indicates that the diversity and abundance of endophytic fungi in the leaves of healthy E. crebra trees fluctuate seasonally and across canopy levels. The data generated can be used as a baseline for assessing and potentially modulating the health of E. crebra and other important Eucalyptus spp.
真菌内生菌在提高本地和栽培植物物种的健康和生产力方面发挥着重要作用。尽管它们具有生态和工业重要性,但很少有桉树物种在其内生菌群落方面得到研究。我们使用基于 ITS 的扩增子测序技术研究了模式物种赤桉(窄叶铁桉)叶片内生真菌的季节性和空间动态。α和β多样性分析表明,夏季的物种丰富度明显高于秋季和春季。同样,双向方差分析表明,夏季的物种多样性明显高于秋季(观察到的 p<0.001,Chao1 p<0.005)和春季(观察到的 p<0.005,Chao1 p<0.005)。在整个季节中,不同冠层水平的 Shannon 指数没有差异。基于非加权 UniFrac 距离度量的β多样性表明,真菌组成在不同季节和不同冠层水平上存在差异(PERMANOVA 季节 p<0.001,冠层 p<0.05),这表明真菌根据存在与否存在明显的分离。子囊菌门是最丰富和最多样的门,全年都存在。相比之下,担子菌门仅在较凉爽和干燥的季节观察到。Neofusicoccum 是最丰富的属,但在整个季节中分布波动很大。Pestalotiopsis 和 Neopestalotiopsis 在低叶冠层中最丰富,而 Pseudosydowia 在高叶冠层中最丰富。本研究表明,健康赤桉叶片内生真菌的多样性和丰度随季节和冠层水平而波动。生成的数据可用于评估和潜在调节赤桉和其他重要桉树属的健康状况。