Vivarelli Silvia, Sevim Cigdem, Giambò Federica, Fenga Concettina
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Imaging, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.
Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37150, Turkey.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jan 28;26(3):1138. doi: 10.3390/ijms26031138.
Benzene, a well-known carcinogenic airborne pollutant, poses significant health risks, particularly in industries such as petroleum, shoemaking, and painting. Despite strict regulations, chronic occupational exposure persists, contributing to the onset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other malignancies. Benzene's carcinogenicity stems from its metabolic activation, leading to increased oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cancer transformation. While its toxicity is well-documented, the link between genetic and epigenetic alterations and cancer susceptibility in exposed workers remains underexplored. This study aims to identify early biomarkers of benzene exposure and AML risk by analyzing gene expression and DNA methylation datasets from GEO DataSets, integrated with molecular pathway analyses, as well as miRNA-target and protein-protein network evaluations. This multi-approach led to the identification of nine deregulated genes (CRK, CXCR6, GSPT1, KPNA1, MECP2, MELTF, NFKB1, TBC1D7, ZNF331) in workers exposed to benzene, with NFKB1 showing strong discriminatory potential. Also, dose-dependent DNA methylation changes were observed in CXCR6 and MELTF, while selected miRNAs such as let-7d-5p, miR-126-3p, and miR-361-5p emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators. Furthermore, functional enrichment linked these genes to immune response, inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis pathways. While network analyses highlighted NFKB1, CRK, and CXCR6 as central to benzene-associated leukemogenesis. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights into an early biomarker fingerprint for benzene exposure and AML susceptibility, supporting the future development of biomolecular-based targeted occupational health monitoring and personalized preventive strategies for at-risk workers.
苯是一种众所周知的致癌性空气污染物,会带来重大健康风险,尤其是在石油、制鞋和油漆等行业。尽管有严格的规定,但慢性职业暴露仍然存在,这促使急性髓系白血病(AML)和其他恶性肿瘤的发病。苯的致癌性源于其代谢活化,导致氧化应激增加、DNA损伤和癌症转化。虽然其毒性有充分记录,但在接触苯的工人中,基因和表观遗传改变与癌症易感性之间的联系仍未得到充分探索。本研究旨在通过分析来自基因表达综合数据库(GEO DataSets)的基因表达和DNA甲基化数据集,并结合分子通路分析以及微小RNA(miRNA)-靶标和蛋白质-蛋白质网络评估,来确定苯暴露和AML风险的早期生物标志物。这种多方法导致在接触苯的工人中鉴定出9个失调基因(CRK、CXCR6、GSPT1、KPNA1、MECP2、MELTF、NFKB1、TBC1D7、ZNF331),其中NFKB1显示出很强的鉴别潜力。此外,在CXCR6和MELTF中观察到剂量依赖性DNA甲基化变化,而选定的miRNA如let-7d-5p、miR-126-3p和miR-361-5p成为关键的转录后调节因子。此外,功能富集将这些基因与免疫反应、炎症、细胞增殖和凋亡途径联系起来。虽然网络分析强调NFKB1、CRK和CXCR6是苯相关白血病发生的核心。总之,这些发现为苯暴露和AML易感性的早期生物标志物指纹提供了新的见解,支持未来基于生物分子的针对性职业健康监测和针对高危工人的个性化预防策略的发展。