Ibañez Julia M, Zambrana Romina, Carreras Pamela, Obregón Verónica, Irazoqui José M, Vera Pablo A, Lattar Tatiana E, Blanco Fernández María D, Puebla Andrea F, Amadio Ariel F, Torres Carolina, López Lambertini Paola M
Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 27-Km 38,3, Bella Vista, Corrientes 3432, Argentina.
Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 4th floor, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
Viruses. 2025 Apr 5;17(4):533. doi: 10.3390/v17040533.
(ToBRFV) and (ToCV) are emerging viral threats to tomato production worldwide, with expanding global distribution. Both viruses exhibit distinct biological characteristics and transmission mechanisms that influence their spread. This study aimed to reconstruct the complete genomes of ToBRFV and ToCV from infected tomato plants and wastewater samples in Argentina to explore their global evolutionary dynamics. Additionally, it compared the genetic diversity of ToBRFV in plant tissue and sewage samples. Using metagenomic analysis, the complete genome sequences of two ToBRFV isolates and two ToCV isolates from co-infected tomatoes, along with four ToBRFV isolates from sewage, were obtained. The analysis showed that ToBRFV exhibited higher genetic diversity in environmental samples than in plant samples. Phylodynamic analysis indicated that both viruses had a recent, single introduction in Argentina but predicted different times for ancestral diversification. The evolutionary analysis estimated that ToBRFV began its global diversification in June 2013 in Israel, with rapid diversification and exponential growth until 2020, after which the effective population size declined. Moreover, ToCV's global expansion was characterized by exponential growth from 1979 to 2010, with Turkey identified as the most probable location with the current data available. This study highlights how sequencing and monitoring plant viruses can enhance our understanding of their global spread and impact on agriculture.
番茄褐色皱纹果病毒（ToBRFV）和番茄褪绿病毒（ToCV）是全球番茄生产中新兴的病毒威胁，其全球分布正在扩大。这两种病毒都表现出独特的生物学特性和传播机制，影响着它们的传播。本研究旨在从阿根廷受感染的番茄植株和废水样本中重建ToBRFV和ToCV的完整基因组，以探索它们的全球进化动态。此外，还比较了植物组织和污水样本中ToBRFV的遗传多样性。通过宏基因组分析，获得了来自共同感染番茄的两个ToBRFV分离株和两个ToCV分离株以及来自污水的四个ToBRFV分离株的完整基因组序列。分析表明，ToBRFV在环境样本中的遗传多样性高于植物样本。系统动力学分析表明，这两种病毒最近在阿根廷有一次单一引入，但预测的祖先多样化时间不同。进化分析估计，ToBRFV于2013年6月在以色列开始全球多样化，在2020年之前迅速多样化并呈指数增长，之后有效种群数量下降。此外，ToCV的全球扩张特点是从1979年到2010年呈指数增长，根据现有数据，土耳其被确定为最有可能的地点。这项研究强调了对植物病毒进行测序和监测如何能增进我们对其全球传播及其对农业影响的理解。
