2010年至2019年间，法国工人代表性样本中不同行业工作和健康状况的变化。

Changes in working and health conditions in different sectors between 2010 and 2019 in a representative sample of French workers.

作者信息

Gehanno Jean-Francois, Leroyer Ariane, Couvreur Manon, Volkoff Serge, Rollin Laetitia

机构信息

Institute of Occupational Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.

Inserm, Rouen University, Sorbonne University, University of Paris 13, Laboratory of Medical Informatics and Knowledge Engineering in e-Health, LIMICS, Paris, France.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2025 Jun 4;20(6):e0324244. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324244. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0324244

PMID:40465657

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12136334/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Studies on evolution of working conditions and workers' health in developed countries show conflicting results, and often fail to identify evolutions by occupational sector. This study aimed to describe recent evolutions of working conditions and health status of French workers over a decade across different activity sectors.

METHODS AND FINDINGS

Data from a large national French observatory of working conditions and health were used. This observatory collects, for a random sample of employees, data on their working conditions and health. Data on working conditions and health status of employees in the 13 main French activity sectors in 2010-2011 and 2018-2019 were used. A 2 steps weighting method was used to allow results to be extrapolated to the French employees. Overall, 23,951 and 26,538 questionnaires were collected for the 2010-2011 and 2018-2019 periods, respectively. Job demand significantly decreased and job resources significantly increased between 2010-2011 and 2018-2019 while physical workload decreased. Neck, wrist, elbow and back pain disorders significantly decreased as well as anxiety, whereas shoulder disorders, fatigue and sleep disorders increased. However, there were large and significant disparities in evolutions between sectors, for exposures and health status. The most worrisome sector was the Human health and social work sector with no improvement in the working conditions and increasing health problems.

CONCLUSION

Overall, evolutions and prevalence of physical exposure or health problems do not bring the same information. It is important to understand the extent to which psychosocial, physical working conditions and health status differ among various industry categories, and to study the determinants of such disparities such that policy and practice interventions to reduce disparities can be appropriately directed. It is also important to continue monitoring health of workers, as the impact of changes in working conditions may not have an immediate effect, particularly for conditions with a long latency period.

摘要

背景

关于发达国家工作条件演变及其对工人健康影响的研究结果相互矛盾，且往往无法按职业部门确定演变情况。本研究旨在描述过去十年法国不同活动部门工人工作条件和健康状况的近期演变。

方法与结果

使用了来自法国一个大型全国性工作条件与健康观测站的数据。该观测站针对随机抽取的员工样本，收集其工作条件和健康方面的数据。采用2010 - 2011年和2018 - 2019年法国13个主要活动部门员工的工作条件和健康状况数据。采用两步加权法以便将结果外推至法国全体员工。总体而言，2010 - 2011年和2018 - 2019年分别收集了23,951份和26,538份问卷。2010 - 2011年至2018 - 2019年期间，工作需求显著下降，工作资源显著增加，同时体力工作量减少。颈部、手腕、肘部和背部疼痛疾病以及焦虑显著减少，而肩部疾病、疲劳和睡眠障碍增加。然而，各部门在暴露因素和健康状况的演变方面存在巨大且显著的差异。最令人担忧的部门是人类健康和社会工作部门，其工作条件没有改善，健康问题却在增加。

结论

总体而言，身体暴露或健康问题的演变情况和患病率所传达的信息并不相同。了解不同行业类别中心理社会、身体工作条件和健康状况的差异程度，以及研究这些差异的决定因素非常重要，这样才能适当指导减少差异的政策和实践干预措施。持续监测工人健康也很重要，因为工作条件变化的影响可能不会立即显现，特别是对于潜伏期较长的情况。