Shoupe D
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Mar;180(3 Pt 2):S329-33. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70730-1.
Osteoporosis is a common problem, affecting >28 million Americans, >/=75% of whom are postmenopausal women. In 1995 the cost of caring for patients with complications of osteoporosis was $14 billion. Of the 1.5 million osteoporotic fractures that occur in this country each year, the most serious are hip fractures. It is estimated that approximately 10% to 20% of women die within a year after a hip fracture. Numerous studies reveal that although osteoporotic fractures are preventable most women are not receiving or choosing to receive the medical care that they need to prevent them. Great strides have been made in establishing the importance of ovarian hormones in not only the pathophysiology but also the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Clinical studies show that estrogen and estrogen-androgen replacement therapies both prevent the development of osteoporosis, as determined by bone mineral density determinations and bone marker analyses. The addition of an androgen to hormone replacement therapy may prevent bone loss and stimulate bone formation.
骨质疏松症是一个常见问题，影响着超过2800万美国人，其中75%以上是绝经后女性。1995年，护理骨质疏松症并发症患者的费用为140亿美元。在该国每年发生的150万例骨质疏松性骨折中，最严重的是髋部骨折。据估计，约10%至20%的女性在髋部骨折后一年内死亡。大量研究表明，尽管骨质疏松性骨折是可以预防的，但大多数女性并未接受或选择接受预防所需的医疗护理。在确立卵巢激素在绝经后骨质疏松症的病理生理学以及治疗中的重要性方面已经取得了巨大进展。临床研究表明，雌激素以及雌激素 - 雄激素替代疗法均可预防骨质疏松症的发展，这由骨密度测定和骨标志物分析确定。在激素替代疗法中添加雄激素可能会预防骨质流失并刺激骨形成。
