Mounts J R, Melara R D
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo 14454, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 1999 Feb;61(2):322-41. doi: 10.3758/bf03206891.
Three experiments examined the domain of visual selective attention (i.e., feature-based selection vs. object-based selection). Experiment 1 extended the requirements of the visual search task by requiring a feature discrimination response to target elements presented for short durations (30-105 msec). Targets were embedded in 47 distractor elements and were defined by either a distinct color or a distinct orientation. Observers made a discrimination response to either the target's color or its orientation. When the target-defining feature and the feature to be discriminated were the same (matched conditions), accuracy was enhanced relative to when these features belonged to separate dimensions (mismatched conditions). In Experiment 2, similar results were found in a task in which the target-defining dimension varied from trial to trial and observers performed both color and orientation discriminations on every trial. The results from these two experiments are consistent with feature-based attentional selection, but not with object-based selection. Experiment 3 extended these findings by showing that the effect is rooted in the overlap between target and distractor values in the stimulus set. The results are discussed in the context of recent models of visual selective attention.
三项实验研究了视觉选择性注意的领域（即基于特征的选择与基于对象的选择）。实验1通过要求对呈现时间较短（30 - 105毫秒）的目标元素做出特征辨别反应，扩展了视觉搜索任务的要求。目标被嵌入47个干扰元素中，并由独特的颜色或独特的方向定义。观察者对目标的颜色或方向做出辨别反应。当定义目标的特征与要辨别的特征相同时（匹配条件），相对于这些特征属于不同维度时（不匹配条件），准确性得到了提高。在实验2中，在一项任务中发现了类似的结果，在该任务中，定义目标的维度在每次试验中都有所不同，并且观察者在每次试验中都进行颜色和方向辨别。这两个实验的结果与基于特征的注意选择一致，但与基于对象的选择不一致。实验3通过表明这种效应源于刺激集中目标和干扰值之间的重叠，扩展了这些发现。我们将在最近的视觉选择性注意模型的背景下讨论这些结果。
