The haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in childhood.

Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute haemolytic anaemia with fragmented erythocytes, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. It is one of the leading causes of acute renal failure in childhood. HUS in children can be divided into the so-called typical, diarrhoea-associated HUS, and atypical HUS, which is not preceded by acute gastroenteritis. Infection with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli is the main cause of diarrhoea-associated HUS. In this chapter the pathogenesis of diarrhoea-associated HUS and the role of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in this form of HUS is emphasized.