Karistinou E, Dounavis P, Mantas J
Lab. of Health Informatics, University of Athens, Greece.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 1998;51:76-82.
The Evolution of Information Technology is rapid. Electronic circuits substitute mental activities and new Technology invades to all aspects of life. Nursing, which is like all the other Health related professions information-intensive, could use the new Technology to be facilitated. The implementation of Informatics to Nursing was supported by the growing information that Nursing has to manage. The definition of Nursing Informatics was put on 1980 and since then a lot attempts to define Nursing Informatics have followed. The applications of Nursing Informatics are focused on four fields of Nursing: Administration of Nursing, Clinical Practice, Education, and Research. The first applications of Nursing Informatics made visible the need for the development of a Unified Language System. The efforts, today, are focused on two fields: to establish a standard definition of the terms of or related to Nursing Informatics, to establish standard definitions and Classification Schemes for the Nursing Phenomena and Practice so that they can be processed by Nursing Informatics. In solving these problems important role plays the study of Linguistics. Another important factor that should be taken into account is the Development of International Standards of general acceptance that enhances communication aspects. Apart from the International Standardisation Organisations, other non-profit organisations have constituted Special Groups that are dealing with the promotion of Nursing Informatics. Final Nursing Informatics should follow the previous attempts of Nursing to establish a Unified Language System. All the steps of the development of the application are described. In particular subjects that are covered are: the scope of the application, the collection of the material, the designing and building up of the Database, the development of a User Interface and the characteristics of the Application.
信息技术的发展日新月异。电子电路取代了脑力活动,新技术渗透到生活的方方面面。护理与所有其他健康相关职业一样,信息密集度高,可以借助新技术得到便利。护理工作中需要管理的信息日益增多,这为护理信息学的实施提供了支持。护理信息学的定义于1980年提出,自那时起,人们进行了许多尝试来定义护理信息学。护理信息学的应用集中在护理的四个领域:护理管理、临床实践、教育和研究。护理信息学的最初应用凸显了开发统一语言系统的必要性。如今,人们的努力集中在两个领域:为护理信息学的术语或相关术语建立标准定义,为护理现象和实践建立标准定义和分类方案,以便能够通过护理信息学进行处理。在解决这些问题时,语言学研究发挥着重要作用。另一个需要考虑的重要因素是制定被广泛接受的国际标准,这有助于加强交流。除了国际标准化组织外,其他非营利组织也成立了专门小组来推动护理信息学的发展。最终,护理信息学应遵循护理领域先前建立统一语言系统的尝试。文中描述了应用程序开发的所有步骤。特别涵盖的主题包括:应用程序的范围、材料收集、数据库的设计和构建、用户界面的开发以及应用程序的特点。