Hovatta O
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
Ann Med. 1999 Apr;31(2):106-10.
Ovarian failure is a typical feature in Turner's syndrome. Therefore, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is necessary to achieve the development of normal female sexual characteristics and to prevent cardiovascular complications and osteoporosis. Spontaneous puberty occurs in 5-10% of women with Turner's syndrome, and 2-5% of them become pregnant spontaneously. Sexually active young women with Turner's syndrome need contraception. It can be administered as contraceptive pills, which also serve as HRT. Oocyte donation is now a treatment option for infertility of these women. Excellent results have been obtained with 46% of embryo transfers resulting in pregnancy. The pregnancies carry high risks and have to be followed up carefully. The children born following oocyte donation have no additional risks. Risks can be reduced by transferring only one embryo at a time to the uterus, thus avoiding twin pregnancies. Ovarian tissue from young girls with Turner's syndrome could be cryopreserved for infertility treatment in the future, but the optimal age of ovarian biopsy has to be studied, and methods of replantation and maturation of oocytes in vitro have still to be developed. Fertility counselling has become important in the treatment of girls with Turner's syndrome.
卵巢功能衰竭是特纳综合征的典型特征。因此，激素替代疗法（HRT）对于实现正常女性性征发育以及预防心血管并发症和骨质疏松症是必要的。5%至10%的特纳综合征女性会出现自然青春期，其中2%至5%会自然怀孕。有性生活的特纳综合征年轻女性需要避孕。可采用避孕药进行避孕，避孕药同时也可作为激素替代疗法。卵母细胞捐赠目前是这些女性不孕症的一种治疗选择。胚胎移植成功率达46%，已取得了良好效果。这些妊娠具有高风险，必须进行仔细随访。卵母细胞捐赠后出生的孩子没有额外风险。每次仅向子宫移植一个胚胎可降低风险，从而避免双胎妊娠。患有特纳综合征的年轻女孩的卵巢组织可进行冷冻保存，以备将来用于不孕症治疗，但卵巢活检的最佳年龄有待研究，卵母细胞的体外再植和成熟方法仍有待开发。生育咨询在特纳综合征女孩的治疗中已变得至关重要。
