Li Y, Li T, Bu H
Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, 1st University Hospital, West China University of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China.
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1998 Sep;12(5):304-8.
Insufficient supply of organ for allotransplantation made the study on finding new organ resources from animal progress. Pig is regarded as one of the optimal donor animals for human. The major obstacle in this field is hyperacute reaction (HAR), which is triggered after the xenogenic natural antibodies preexisting in recipient blood combine to the antigens on the surface of the endothelium and activate the complement system. alpha-Galactose residues (alpha-Gal) on the endothelial cell have been identified as the major xenoantigens. NJZ Pig has been closely breed since 1938, whose family history is clear. Tissue samples from heart, liver, kidney, pancreas, lung, small intestine, skin, spleen, thymus and lymph node were obtained and embedded in paraffin. The sections were performed the immunohistochemical staining with the sera from health volunteers (including all the blood types) as the primary antibodies as well as the biotin labeled bandeirae simplicifolia I isolectin B4 (BS I-B4), which has specific affinity to alpha-galactose. All the staining sections were compared with the tissues digested with alpha-galactosidase. There was no difference between the antigens recognized by sera of different blood types. alpha-Gal was still the major xenoantigen on the endothelial cells. There might exist non-alpha-Gal antigens on the distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules of the kidney. There was no alpha-Gal distributing on the secreting part of pancreas, either the islet cells or the matrix cells, but surely on pancreatic duct and vessels. All the antigenity was destroyed after the enzyme digestion except that the small intestine gland still positive with the BS I-B4. alpha-Gal is the major xenogenic antigen in NJZ Pigs. There exist some unknown antigens on the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. The blood type of recipient is not the first affair to be considered in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. The specificity of BS I-B4 for the alpha-galactose needs more detail research.
同种异体移植器官供应不足促使从动物身上寻找新器官来源的研究取得进展。猪被认为是人类最佳的供体动物之一。该领域的主要障碍是超急性排斥反应（HAR），它是由受者血液中预先存在的异种天然抗体与内皮细胞表面的抗原结合并激活补体系统引发的。内皮细胞上的α-半乳糖残基（α-Gal）已被确定为主要的异种抗原。NJZ猪自1938年起就经过近亲繁殖，其家族谱系清晰。获取心脏、肝脏、肾脏、胰腺、肺、小肠、皮肤、脾脏、胸腺和淋巴结的组织样本并石蜡包埋。切片用健康志愿者（包括所有血型）的血清作为一抗以及对α-半乳糖具有特异性亲和力的生物素标记的单叶豆凝集素I同工凝集素B4（BS I-B4）进行免疫组织化学染色。所有染色切片与用α-半乳糖苷酶消化的组织进行比较。不同血型血清识别的抗原之间没有差异。α-Gal仍然是内皮细胞上的主要异种抗原。在肾脏的远曲小管和集合小管上可能存在非α-Gal抗原。胰腺的分泌部分，无论是胰岛细胞还是基质细胞，都没有α-Gal分布，但在胰管和血管上肯定有。酶消化后所有抗原性均被破坏，除了小肠腺对BS I-B4仍呈阳性。α-Gal是NJZ猪中的主要异种抗原。在肾脏的远曲小管和集合管上存在一些未知抗原。在猪到人的异种移植中，受者的血型不是首先要考虑的事情。BS I-B4对α-半乳糖的特异性需要更详细的研究。
