Ilyas M, Straub J, Tomlinson I P, Bodmer W F
Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, U.K.
Eur J Cancer. 1999 Mar;35(3):335-51. doi: 10.1016/s0959-8049(98)00431-6.
Cells from cancers show aberrant behaviour such as unrestrained growth, invasion into adjacent tissue and metastasis. All these features of cancer cell behaviour can be explained in terms of genetic changes and the functional impact of these changes. In this review, colorectal cancer (CRC) is examined as a classical example of multistep carcinogenesis. First there is an overview which shows that cancers develop by a process of somatic evolution. This gives rise to preferred genetic pathways of tumorigenesis. The factors which may influence the development and ultimate choice of genetic pathways are then examined. Next, CRC is studied as a specific disease and the putative genetic pathways are described. The mutations that comprise these pathways and the possible functional sequelae of these are explored. The review concludes with a look at those avenues which may further elucidate the natural history of CRC and lead to improved therapy.
癌细胞表现出异常行为，如无节制的生长、侵入邻近组织和转移。癌细胞行为的所有这些特征都可以用基因变化及其功能影响来解释。在本综述中，结直肠癌（CRC）被作为多步骤致癌作用的经典例子进行研究。首先有一个概述，表明癌症是通过体细胞进化过程发展而来的。这产生了肿瘤发生的首选遗传途径。然后研究了可能影响遗传途径发展和最终选择的因素。接下来，将CRC作为一种特定疾病进行研究，并描述假定的遗传途径。探索了构成这些途径的突变及其可能的功能后果。综述最后展望了那些可能进一步阐明CRC自然史并带来改进治疗方法的途径。
