Shi X W, Zeng F T, Qiu X P, Zhang Y P
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 1998 Dec;25(6):499-507.
Mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of 138 samples from 11 domestic goose breeds in China were investigated by digesting, with 19 restriction endonucleases. Of 19 enzymes used, seven (Bcl I, Dra I, Eco RV, Hae II, Hinc II, Kpn I, Sac I) detected polymorphic patterns. By combining 27 restriction morphs, 138 individuals were classified into 6 mtDNA haplotypes. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by using UPGMA. There was no shared haplotype between Yili breed and the other 10 breeds. Genetic distance and UPGMA tree also suggested that Yili breed and other breeds came from different ancestors. Yili breed originated from Anser anser and other 10 breeds originated from Anser cygnoides. Restriction morphs digested with 4 enzymes (EcoRV, Hae II, Hinc II and Kpn I) could be used as maternal genetic markers to distinguish the two types of domestic geese. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism was observed in the ten breeds of Anser cygnoides. Nucleotide diversity (pi), genetic distance between the two types and the average genetic distance among the ten breeds were estimated to be 0.025%, 0.266%, 0.029%, respectively. The breeds with white plume were affected by founder effect when they were formed. Swan domestic geese, Anser cygnoides domesticus, in China might come from two different populations of Anser cygnoides at two different places.
采用19种限制性内切酶对中国11个家鹅品种的138个样本的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）进行了研究。在所使用的19种酶中，有7种（Bcl I、Dra I、Eco RV、Hae II、Hinc II、Kpn I、Sac I）检测到多态性模式。通过组合27种限制性酶切形态，将138个个体分为6种mtDNA单倍型。采用UPGMA构建系统发育树。伊犁鹅与其他10个品种之间没有共享单倍型。遗传距离和UPGMA树也表明，伊犁鹅与其他品种起源于不同的祖先。伊犁鹅起源于灰雁，其他10个品种起源于鸿雁。用4种酶（EcoRV、Hae II、Hinc II和Kpn I）酶切的限制性酶切形态可作为母系遗传标记来区分这两种家鹅。在10个鸿雁品种中观察到线粒体DNA多态性。核苷酸多样性（pi）、两种类型之间的遗传距离以及10个品种之间的平均遗传距离分别估计为0.025%、0.266%、0.029%。白羽品种在形成时受到奠基者效应的影响。中国的家鹅鸿雁可能来自鸿雁在两个不同地方的两个不同种群。
