Rozon-Solomon M, Burrows L
Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Mt Sinai J Med. 1999 Sep;66(4):273-6.
There is a serious, continuous and increasing shortfall of organs, especially kidneys, for the purpose of transplantation. This shortfall is especially remarkable in African American populations. Because the incidence of hypertension (HTN) and associated end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) is 17 times greater in African Americans, this minority group, which comprises only 12% of the U.S. population, represents 34% of the dialysis population and 30% of the national kidney waiting list. Furthermore, while black individuals comprise 22-24% of kidney recipients, they comprise only 8-11% of donors. Because of the histocompatibility differences between the races and because tissue matching is part of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) allocation formula, African Americans wait twice as long for kidneys as Caucasians. Also, because they get more poorly matched organs, their kidney transplant graft survival is 10-20% lower than that for other racial groups. The African American community is unaware of the special needs in members of their own race. Steps must be taken to increase minority awareness of the need for well-matched transplant organs and their involvement in the donation process.
用于移植的器官,尤其是肾脏,严重短缺且持续加剧。这种短缺在非裔美国人中尤为显著。由于非裔美国人患高血压(HTN)及相关终末期肾病(ESRD)的发病率比其他人高17倍,这个仅占美国人口12%的少数群体,却占透析人群的34%和全国肾脏等候名单的30%。此外,虽然黑人占肾脏接受者的22 - 24%,但他们仅占捐赠者的8 - 11%。由于种族之间的组织相容性差异,且组织配型是器官共享联合网络(UNOS)分配方案的一部分,非裔美国人等待肾脏的时间是白种人的两倍。而且,由于他们得到的器官配型较差,其肾移植移植物的存活率比其他种族群体低10 - 20%。非裔美国人社区并未意识到本种族成员的特殊需求。必须采取措施提高少数群体对匹配良好的移植器官需求的认识,并促使他们参与捐赠过程。