膀胱。风险与预后因素——病理学家的观点。

Bladder. Risk and prognostic factors--a pathologist's perspective.

作者信息

Reuter V E

机构信息

Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.

出版信息

Urol Clin North Am. 1999 Aug;26(3):481-92. doi: 10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70196-8.

DOI:10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70196-8

PMID:10494286

Abstract

Morphology remains a power tool to help predict the risk of recurrence, progression, and even response to therapy in bladder cancer. Nevertheless, more work is needed to refine and standardize criteria and terminology. Novel molecular tools may reveal prognostic factors, but these techniques must be compared with standard morphologic and clinical markers by performing multivariate analysis in a prospective fashion.

摘要

形态学仍然是预测膀胱癌复发、进展乃至对治疗反应风险的有力工具。然而，仍需要做更多工作来完善和规范标准及术语。新型分子工具可能会揭示预后因素，但必须通过前瞻性多变量分析将这些技术与标准形态学和临床标志物进行比较。